To provide a climbing performance enhancement device for a railway vehicle, which increases viscous propulsion force by a drive shaft.

There are provided: a wheel 12 rolling on a track rail 11; a drive means for driving the wheel; a second track 14 having a flange part arranged at the track rail side; and a contact pressure increase means contacted with the second track and increasing the contact pressure of the track rail and the wheel. Thereby, the contact pressure of the track rail and the wheel is increased, and the viscous propulsion force by the drive shaft is also increased.