To provide a method of constructing an earthquake-resistant structure lacking for a structural element, but easy to construct and capable of burying the member into the structure while fixing the member in the desired position.

The method of constructing the earthquake-resistant structure lacking for a structural element, includes a process for releasably securing one end of the element 11, which comprises a base and a synthetic resin foam plate, to a previously installed first frame plate 22 via a first lock 14 to support the element 11 on the first frame plate 22 in a cantilevered manner, and then releasably attaching a second temporary fastener to the other end of the element 11 so as to form a construction space for placing concrete therein; and a process for attaching the second temporary fastener to a second frame plate and supporting the element at each end for the installation of the second frame plate.