To provide an operation monitoring system such that neither a display part nor a speaker is incorporated in a device carried by an operator and storing operator ID information, the system is installed not on a large scale, and wrong picking operation and a mistake in component carrying-in operation are prevented.

The operation monitoring system includes: a first electric field communication transmitter 2 carried by the operator and transmitting an operator ID information signal; a component storage shelf 3 in which three shelf plates 3a, 3b and 3c are provided with receiving electrodes 5a, 5b and 5c mounted with drawers 4a, 4b and 4c, respectively; second electric field communication transmitters 6a, 6b and 6c provided to the respective drawers and transmitting drawer ID information signals; electric communication receivers 7a, 7b and 7c connected by wire or wireless to the receiving electrodes to transmit signals; and a determination device 8 which is connected to the electric communication receivers by wire or wireless to transmit signals, and determines whether or not picking operation and carrying-in operation for components are carried out normally at the component storage shelf.