To quickly accomplish recovery by transmitting action state information (status, I/O information) memorized in a memory of a train to a central device when any failure that discontinues traveling is generated on the train.

The train operation state monitoring system comprises an on-vehicle device mounted on the train and controlling the train; a ground device provided at a predetermined position of the ground, connected to the on-vehicle device through a communication line and controlling in generalization the respective trains; and the central device for monitoring the operation state of the respective trains. The system has an action state information memory means (memory) for memorizing the action state information of the train and provided on the train; and a transmission control means for transmitting the action state information at generation of failure memorized in the action state information memory means to the central device when any failure is generated on the train.

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