Background to the Invention When a drink is kept in a container such as a cup or glass, there exists the risk that the drink may be deliberately contaminated by a person introducing a substance into the cup or glass such as by dropping the substance into the upper opening of the cup or glass when the drink is left unattended. This practice is colloquially known as"spiking a drink". Drinks have reportedly been spiked with substances including pharmaceutical substances, drugs or poisons in solid, liquid or powder form and even alcohol.

The effects on a person of having their drink spiked depend largely on the substance involved. A person may introduce a toxic substance to deliberately harm or confuse the user, or may introduce a drug in order to take advantage of the user when they are under the effects of the drug.

Summary of the Invention In a first'aspect the present invention provides a drinking apparatus including a container having a lid and defining an internal cavity for holding a body of liquid; a valve element operates in conjunction with an opening on the container and is moveable between an open condition and a closed condition; the valve element is biased to the closed condition wherein the apparatus completely encapsulates the internal cavity to thereby prevent substances from being introduced to the cavity; and

removal of the lid from the container results in an indication that the apparatus has been tampered with.

In this way, the apparatus keeps a drink in the container and prevents substances from being added to the drink. If the lid of the container is removed in an attempt to introduce a substance the indication of tampering alerts a user that the apparatus has been tampered with.

The indication that the apparatus has been tampered with may include damage to either the lid or the cup.

The action of drawing liquid through the opening may cause the valve element to move to the open condition.

The valve element may be biased to the closed condition by gravity.

The container may be a cup.

The lid may be arranged to be snap fitted to the container., The lid and container may fit together closely to resist removal of the lid by use of a leveraging tool.

The opening may be the bore of a straw.

The straw may be marked on its outer surface in-the region of the valve element. This means that removal of that region of the straw is apparent to a user.

The region of the straw may be marked by colouring the region. The marking may be luminous or flourescent.

The valve element may be luminous or fluorescent.

Brief Description of the Drawings An embodiment of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a plan view of an embodiment of a drinking apparatus according to the present invention;

Figure 2 is a cross section view along the line A-A of Figure 1; Figure 3 is an enlarged detail view of region C of Figure 1 ; Figure 4 is an enlarged detail view of region B of Figure 2 with the valve element in the open position; Figure 5 is an enlarged detail view of region B of Figure 2 with the valve element in the closed position; Figures 6,7 and 8 are top, side and plan views respectively of the valve element of Figure 2; Figure 9 is a top view of the straw and valve element according to an alternative embodiment of the invention; Figures 10 is a cross section view along the line D-D of Figure 9 showing installation of the valve element; Figure 11 is a cross section view along the line D-D of Figure 9 showing the. valve element in the open position; and Figure 12 is a cross section view along the line D-D of Figure 9 showing the valve element in the closed position.

Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment Referring to Figures 1 and 2, a drinking apparatus 10 is shown including a container in the form of cup 12 and a lid 14. Container 12 and lid 14 define an internal cavity 11 for holding a body of liquid such as a drink. The apparatus includes an opening in the form of the bore 15 of straw 16. Straw 16 is retained with lid 14 such as by being integrally formed with lid 14 by moulding the straw 16 and lid 14 as one component. Straw 16 includes a valve element in the form of plug 18. Plug 18 includes through holes 20.

To use the apparatus, a drink is poured into cup 12

whilst lid 14 is not engaged with the cup. When the drink has been poured, lid 14 is snap fitted to cup 12. Lugs 22 on lid 14 engage under annular and inwardly directed. projection 24 on the inner surface of cup 12. After engaging lid 14 and cup 12, they cannot be separated without damaging either the lid 14 or the cup 12. This provides a tamper evident mechanism to alert a user to the possibility that the container has been interfered with and possibly has had a foreign substance introduced into it.

Referring to Figure 3, lid 14 and cup 12 engage with a close fit. This prevents a levering tool, such as a knife blade or screwdriver, from being inserted between the lid 14 and cup 12 for the purpose of prising off lid 14.

Substances are prevented from being introduced to the container through bore 15 by valve element 18. Referring to Figure 4, when a user sucks on straw 16 the fluid that rises up bore 15 causes plug 18 to move to an open position. At other times, plug 18 is biased by the force of gravity to the closed position shown in Figure 5. In this position, plug 18 rests on valve seat 19. Valve seat 19 blocks the through holes 20 in plug 18y thus preventing any foreign substances from by-passing plug 18 to enter cavity 11.

Annular projection 21 prevents plug 18 from coming out of the upper end of straw 16. Annular projection 21 may be formed by applying heat and pressure to the straw to deform the straw.

Referring to Figures 9 to 12 an alternative embodiment of a valve element of a drinking apparatus according to the invention is shown. In this embodiment the valve element is in the form of a sphere 31. The

underside of valve seat 19 includes a lead-in taper 26 which assist with insertion of sphere 31 into the straw by use of mandrel-tool 28. In the open position, sphere 31 is prevented from exiting upper end of straw 16 by covered end 30. Liquid may flow out of straw 16 through holes 32.

In the closed position valve seat 19 prevents substances from by-passing the sphere and entering the container.

The outside of straw 16 is coloured by application of a fluorescent or luminous non toxic dye (not shown) in the vicinity of sphere 31. The fluorescent or luminous colouring improves visibility in low light or dark conditions. If the straw 16 is cut to remove the region of the straw that houses the valve element, this will be readily apparent to a user because they will know to expect to see the coloured portion on the straw of an apparatus that has not been tampered with. Similarly, the valve element may be made. luminous or fluorescent to alert a user if the valve element is missing.

In another embodiment, lid 14 is formed with a concave region on its upper surface which takes up all or part of the upper surface. This provides a catchment area for any liquid substance that is placed on top of lid 14 and helps to prevent that liquid from running off lid 14 to enter the apparatus at the join between cup 12 and lid 14.

All parts of the apparatus are formed from a clear, recyclable plastic that is difficult to penetrate with a hypodermic needle. A suitable plastic is Polypropylene Grade, wide spec. 4-14 Thermoplastic (TPE) or equivalent, talc filled with a low flow melt index.

After use, the container may be returned to a central collection point. At this collection point the lid is forcibly removed from the cup resulting in damage to

either the cup or lid. Any liquid remaining in the cup is discarded and the plastic components of the assembly are recycled.

Whilst the embodiment of the invention described herein includes an aperture in the form of a straw it is not limited to this arrangement.

Any reference to prior art contained herein is not to be taken as an admission that the information is common general knowledge, unless otherwise indicated.

Finally, it is to be appreciated that various alterations or additions may be made to the parts previously described without departing from the spirit or ambit of the present invention.