PALLA OTTORINO (IT)
| WO1997041727A1 | 1997-11-13 |
| US5366995A | 1994-11-22 | |||
| DE3309765A1 | 1984-09-20 | |||
| US5342630A | 1994-08-30 | |||
| GB907842A | 1962-10-10 |
| 1. | Method for preventing the onset of plant infestations comprising the application, to the plant, of a widely active, nonphytotoxic composition containing at least a fatty acid having a carbon number in the C14 C22 range, or at least a derivative thereof, or a mixture of at least a fatty acid and at least a derivative of such fatty acids, the acid and/or its derivative being present as such or mixed with a vegetal oil. |
| 2. | Method for preventing the onset of plant infestations according to the preceding claim wherein the fatty acid may be substituted, non substituted, saturated, non saturated. |
| 3. | Method for preventing the onset of plant infestations according to any preceding claim wherein the fatty acid is preferably constituted by the oleic acid and linoleic acid mixture. |
| 4. | Method for preventing the onset of plant infestations according to the claim n. 1 wherein the fatty acid derivative is selected between the salts and the esters thereof. |
| 5. | Method for preventing the onset of plant infestations according to the preceding claim wherein the fatty acid salt preferably is a sodium or potassium salt. |
| 6. | Widely active, nonphytotoxic composition suitable to prevent the onset of plant infections containing at least a fatty acid having a carbon atom number in the C 14022 range, or at least a derivative thereof, or a mixture of at least a fatty acid and at least a derivative of such fatty acids, the acid and/or its derivative being present as such or mixed with a vegetal oil. |
| 7. | Composition suitable to prevent the onset of plant infections according to the preceding claim containing, in addition to the abovementioned components, one or more solvents, emulsifier, wetting agents or surface active agents. |
| 8. | Composition suitable to prevent the onset of plant infections according to the claim n. 6 containing, in addition to the abovementioned components, one or more among fenarimol, propiconazole, procloraz, tebuconazole, iprodione, metalaxil, dimetomorph, sulfur, triforine, cymoxanil, many copper containing formulation, quinoxyfen, azoxystrobin, kresoxin methil, iprovalicarb, fosetil aluminum, famoxadone, folpet. |
| 9. | Composition suitable to prevent the onset of plant infections according to the claim n. 6 wherein the component are at a total concentration between 10% and 80% by weight. |
| 10. | ,. |
| 11. | Composition suitable to prevent the onset of plant infections according to the claim n. 6 wherein, in the case of presence of the fatty acid and the derivative thereof, these one are in a ration from 1/10 to 10/1. |
| 12. | Composition suitable to prevent the onset of plant infections according to the claim n. 6 in which the vegetal oil, with respect to the fatty acid and/or the derivative thereof, is in a ratio from 1/10 to 10/1. |
| 13. | Composition suitable to prevent the onset of plant infections according to the claim n. 6 in which the fatty acid is preferably constituted by the oleic acid and linoleic acid mixture. |
| 14. | Composition suitable to prevent the onset of plant infections according to the claim n. 6 in which the fatty acid derivative is selected between the salts and the esters thereof. |
| 15. | Composition suitable to prevent the onset of plant infections according to the preceding claim in which the fatty acid salts preferably is a sodium or potassium salt. |
| 16. | Use of the composition according to one or more of the claims from 6 to 13 in the prevention of the onset of plant infestations. |
It is known [Atti Giornate Fisiopatologiche 1996,151-156] that potassium salts of fatty acids are used as fungicides, for istance to fight the vine mildew when they are active by killing the spores or by controlling (also causing a partial regression) the bacterial colonies already settled onto the plant surfaces: however, in the contemplated cases, it has been found and confirmed that such salts have a simple curative effect and no residual activity. Some other studies have been carried out in Italy [Atti Giornate Fisiopatologiche 1998, 551-556], wherein it has however been underlined how the activity is coupled to the removal of the grape bloom.
The specific, and the only one, curative activity of compositions based on fatty acids and derivatives is showed and repeatedly underlined in the US patent no. 5.336. 995, assigned to Mycogen Corporation, which discloses, as the only one possible, the usefulness of the fatty acids and derivatives thereof in the removal of the fungal and bacterial infections already present in the plants. As a matter of fact, this patent refers to a method for controlling the plant diseases by the application of fatty acids, or their derivatives, selected among the ones having a carbon atom number in the C7-C20 range, to which no prevention capability is ascribed under the employment conditions: the lack of any prevention activity is, above all, the reason supporting the inventive solutions, that is the patentability of the mycogen patent finding.
Therefore those skilled in the art have a clear evidence that all the solutions according to the known art, even if valid in the case of therapeutic indications, are not absolutely advantageous, from a practical point of view, the same having applicability limits or being disclosed to be applied only to the settled infections, which produces losses in the harvest yields as well as decays in the product qualities. The Applicant has now surprisingly found, in evident contradiction with respect to the abovementioned known art teaching, that it is possible to prevent the onset of infestations, from fungi and bacteria, in the cultivated plants, through the application of compositions characterised by a wide, non-phytotoxic activity based on saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, and derivatives thereof, corresponding to a specific carbon atom number range selected within the very acids having, according to the known art, one only well defined curative activity.
As a matter of fact, the object of the present invention is a method for the plant infection prevention which comprises the application to the interesting cultivations of a composition, on turn the second object of the present invention, containing as the active principle, at least a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid having a carbon atom number in the Cl4 C22 narrow range, or at least a derivative thereof, i. e. salts or others, or mixtures of at least a fatty acid and at least a derivative of at least of the abovesaid fatty acids, the same or different, the acid and/or the derivative being present as such or, again, mixed with at least a vegetal oil.
/ The fatty acids employable according to the present invention may be non-substituted, substituted, saturated, unsaturated: particular examples are oleic acid and linoleic acid.
Fatty acid derivatives may be their salts, particularly with alkaline metals, sodium and potassium above all, or with amines such as isopropylamine, or their esters.
As far as the vegetal oil is concerned, it can be selected among many compounds, for example rape oil, soja oil, grape seed oil, and so on.
The definition of the composition according to the present invention, particularly if reference is made to the infestation prevention using such a composition, comprises also the possible addition of control chemical agents, more generally biological agents, which can be suitably selected by those skilled in the art in view of the aims to be achieved.
Examples of control chemical agents that can be added to the prevention composition according to the present invention are the fungicides inhibiting the ergosterol biosynthesis such as, again by way of examples, fenarimol, propiconazole, proclonaz and tebuconazole.
Moreover, the following may be of interest: iprodion, metalaxil, dimetomorph, sulfur, triforine, cymoxanil, some formulation containing copper, quinoxyfen, azoxystrobin, methil kresoxin, iprovalicarb, aluminum fosetil, famoxadone, folpet. The compositions to be used according to the invention purposes can be prepared according to procedures that are well known to those skilled in the art: therefore, use will be made of suitable solvents and emulsifying agents, as well as of the known wetting and surface active agents such as the ones commonly used in the field of the agricultural crops.
The method, as well as the relevant composition, according to the present invention can be employed to prevent the onset of infestations caused by several fungal and bacterial agents.
For istance it is possible to inhibit the actions from species such as Vine Mildews, Peronosporacee, Phytophtore, Alternarie, Ruggini, Cercospore, and so on.
The application of the composition according to the present invention can occur on all parts of the plant, and the experience of the man skilled in the art will be the guidance to decide where such an application is to be carried out, whether on seeds, on bulbs, on roots, on leaves, etc.
Plants that can be protected are all cultivable ones; for istance, mention may be made of vines, of the arboreous plants as pears, apples, of the cucurbitaceous, the solonaceous, the floral plants, of the cereals as grain, barley, of the chords, of the vegetables as lettuce, onion, and the like.
The composition to be used in the method according to the present invention is not limited by the concentration of the active component (i. e. fatty acid, and others), which can be selected by those skilled in the art on the ground of true application needs: however, a particular interested is correlated to concentrations, expressed as active component total weight with respect to the composition total weight, in the range from 10% to 80%. When mixed, carboxylic acids and its derivative may be in a ratio ranging from 1/10 to 10/1 ; again correlated to carboxylic acid or the derivative thereof, if employed as such, the vegetal oil is present in a ratio between 1/10 and 10/1. The following example aim to give a better illustration of the invention, without any limitation of the purposes thereof.
Examples In the following applicatory examples, the mentioned products are to be identified as follows: - potassium oleate: a mixture of salts of C14-C22 fatty acids having, as the main constituent, potassium oleate in percentage from 70% to 80%, and potassium linoleate between 5% and 20%, together with some other salts; - oleic acid: a mixture of C14-C22 fatty acids the main component being oleic acid ranging between 70% and 80%, linoleic acid ranging between 5% and 20%, together with some other acids.
Examples 1: TESTS OF A PREVENTIVE FUNGICIDE ACTIVITY : VINE CU Cultivation: vine of the Tocai Kind, stage 6-7 green leaves Disease: vine peronospora (plasmopora viticola) Preventive treatments: 24 h Inoculation : 30.000 conidia/ml Repetition: 4 (a, b, c, d) Test Liquid formulation Active principle in Formulation Active principle 4 day survey: the formulation: quantity, quantity % o (parts % infected % w/w ml/I per thousand) area 1 Test, infected 56 2 Oleic acid 20 8ml 1,6 0,63 K oleate 40 3, 2 3 Oleic acid 25 8ml 2,0 0,10 K oleate 25 2, 0 Rape vegetal oil 25 2,0 4 Test, non infected---0 Example 2: TESTS OF A PREVENTIVE FUNGICIDE ACTIVITY: VINE (2) Cultivation: vine, Tocai Kind, stage 6-7 green leaves Disease: vine peronospora (plasmopora viticola) Preventive treatments: 24 h Inoculation: 30.000 conidia/ml Repetition: 4 (a, b, c, d) Test Liquid formulation Active principle Formulation Active principle 10 day survey : in the formulation: quantity, quantity % o (parts % infected % w/wml/1per thousand) area 1 Test, infected 38, 5 2 Oleic acid 20 2ml 0,4 0,63 K oleate 40 0, 8 3 Oleic acid 25 2ml 0,5 0,06 K oleate 25 0,5 Vegetal oil 25 0, 5 4 Oleic acid 25 2ml 0,5 0 K oleate 25 0,5 Rape vegetal oil 5 Test, non infected---0 Example 3: TESTS OF A PREVENTIVE FUNGICIDE ACTIVITY : VINE (3 ! Cultivation: vine, Tocai Kind, stage 6-7 green leaves Disease: vine peronospora (plasmopora viticola) Preventive treatments: 4 gg-96 h Inoculation: 30. 000 conidia/ml Repetition: 4 (a, b, c, d) Test Liquid formulation Active principle Formulation Active principle 4 day survey: in the formulation: quantity, quantity % o (parts % infected % w/w ml/1 per thousand) area 1 Test, infected---21, 9 2 Oleic acid 20 2 0,4 0 K oleate 40 0, 8 3 Oleic acid 25 2 0,5 1,72 K oleate 25 0,5 Vegetal oil25.-0, 5 4 Oleic acid 25 2 0,5 0 Rape vegetal oil 25 0, 5 5 Test, non infected 0 Example 4: TESTS OF A PREVENTIVE FUNGICIDE ACTIVITY: TOMATO Cultivation: tomato, Marmande Kind, vegetative stage 6-7 green leaves Disease: peronospora tomato Preventive treatments: 24 h Inoculation: 30.000 conidia/ml Repetition: 4 (a, b, c, d) Test Liquid formulation Active principle Formulation Active principle 4 day survey: in the formulation: quantity, quantity % o (parts % infected % w/w ml/1per thousand) area 1 Test, infected---85, 83 2 Potassium oleate 49 12 5, 8 70 18 3 Potassium oleate 40 12 4,8 16,12 + oleic acid 20 2, 4 4 Potassium oleate 25 12 3,0 10,36 + oleic acid 25 3,0 + rape vegetal oil 25 3, 0 Test, non infected 0 Example 5: TESTS OF A PREVENTIVE FUNGICIDE ACTIVITY: MARROW Cultivation: marrow storr green Disease : marrow oidium Preventive treatments: 1 gg-24 h Inoculation: 30.000 conidia/ml Repetition: 4 (a, b, c, d) Test Liquid formulation Active principle Formulation Active principle 4 day survey: in the formulation : quantity, quantity % o (parts % infected % w/w ml/lper thousand) area 1 Test, infected---57, 5 2 Oleic acid 20 12 2,4 2,25 K oleate 40 4, 8 3 Oleic acid 25 12 3, 0 6, 25 K oleate 25. 3,0 Rape vegetal oil 25 3, 0 4 Oleic acid 25 12 3,0 3,75 K oleate 25 3,0 Grape seed vegetal 25 3,0 oil 5 Test, non infected 0 In the examples referring to the vine preventive tests, the following procedure has been followed: The greenhouse tests have been carried out on the vine plants, obtained from Tocai set, at the 6-7 leaves stage. The preventive activity of the products has been assayed by dispensing the day before and four days before the pathogen inoculation. The products have been dispensed by uniformly sprinkling the plants by means of a nebulizer.
The artificial infection has been obtained by drawing, the day before the inoculation (in open field or in greenhouse) vine leaves having clear oil spots ; the same are then put in a moist vessel and thermostat kept at about 15-20°C over the night.
On the day after, once the stereomicroscope had confirmed the escape, parts of leaves have been drawn containing peronospora fructification. The leaf pieces were put in a vessel containing distilled water and, after a strong stirring, a control was made, by means of a Thoma cell, of the spore number. Should the inoculation aim to compare the activity of different products, no more than 2 or 3 spores should be present in the whole cell (corresponding to 20-30.000 conidia/ml). Lower or higher concentration may compromise the test by causing a low infection (all products are so efficacious), or a too high one (no product is good). According to the present procedure, a concentration was employed of 30.000 conidia/ml : the inoculation was carried out by sprinkling, by means of a hand nebulizer, the lower page of each leaf of all plants that were then covered with polyethylene bags previously water sprinkled and maintained over the night under this state. The morning after, the bags were drawn and the plants were maintained in the cell till the appearance of oil spots (what happens, averagely, within five days).
In order to emphasize the pathogen escape, the plants were again bagged by water sprinkled bags to promote a very high moisture.
The day after, the bags have been removed and the leaf surface was analyzed to determine the microorganism attack percentage (much lower at higher activity of the tested product).
As far as the tomato preventive tests are concerned, the following procedure has been carried out: - Tomato peronospora (greenhouse tests): preventive activity.
Materials and methods.
The tests have been carried out, in a greenhouse, on tomato plants of the Marmande Kind, pot set, at a development stage of 6/7 leaves.
The many products under testing have been nebulized (through a compressor) by sprinkling the seeding, at the dosage reported in the table, about twenty four hours before the pathogen inoculation.
Phytophtora infestans has been artificial inoculated by preparing a suspension of the microorganism in distilled water from a beginning concentration of 80.000 conidia/ml, in the first trials, via a progressive lowering of the concentration of 30.000 conidia/ml, this one having been estimated as the most suitable one to measure the product activity. After the seeding have been nebulized, partienlarly by sprinkling the leaf lowest page, the plants were put in a moist vessel (with a relative humidity close to 100%) over 24 hours, that cell kept till / the appearance of the infection symptoms (4/5 days, averagely). The evaluation of the product activity has been carried out by the measure of the leaf surface percentage attacked by the pathogen.