The present invention pertains to the field of electrical engineering and it can be used to manufacture inductor-type generators.

Background art

Inductor-type generators are increasingly used in power engineering, especially the so-called in alternative power engineering.

The principle of operation of one of these types of generators is based on the fact that the electromotive force (emf) in its windings is created by change of magnetic resistance between the stator and rotor magnetic conductors, each of which has magnetic conductive and nonmagnetic interspaces. During the rotation of the rotor, when the magnetic conductor gaps of the rotor and the stator coincide, the magnetic resistance becomes minimal, and at the time when the magnetic conductor gaps meet the non-magnetic gaps, the magnetic resistance drastically increases. In this way, an alternating voltage is generated, which is converted into a direct voltage through a rectifier. Inductor-type generators can operate at different rotational speeds, during which maintaining the required level of the output voltage is carried out by adjusting it. As a result of obtaining a constant voltage, such generators can be easily combined with other generators in a network, without the need for synchronization. The constant voltage network can be combined with the alternating voltage system through an inverter. It should be noted that due to the high frequency, the specific power (per unit volume) of inductor-type generators can be large enough. The possibility of increasing the specific power of inductor-type generators at the expense of increasing the frequency is discussed in detail in the patent GE p 2015 6280 of the inventors of the present invention, and the subject-matter described therein is selected as a closest prior art. According to the mentioned closest prior art, the inductor-type generator comprises a set of stator and rotor disks with minimal size of the gaps between them. Each disc comprises ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic spacers. In such a construction, the value of the total magnetic resistance is determined by the number of disks, and a high ratio between the minimum and maximum magnetic resistances is achieved.

Sectioning of stator and rotor disks into four parts is used in the mentioned construction. The stator disks in some sections are shifted by a certain angle with respect to the stator disks of other sections, thus the basic and higher harmonics of the electromotive force are suppressed in the excitation winding of the generator. In the presence of a diode (or diode rectifier) in the excitation winding, the higher harmonics produce a zero-frequency component of the current. The disadvantage of this structure is that it requires the use of four sections of rotor and stator disks, which complicates the construction. In addition, the excitation current in the excitation winding is not optimally obtained and its regulation cannot be done quickly.

The technical result of the present invention is simplified construction of the generator and obtaining the excitation current in the excitation winding in an optimal way, while ensuring its rapid regulation.

Provided by the present invention is a structure of a multidisc inductor-type generator, in which suppression of the basic and all odd harmonics in the excitation circuit is ensured, while the second and all other even harmonics are used to generate the basic excitation current.

The multidisc inductor-type generator according to the present invention comprises magnetic conductors, cores with excitation windings installed on them and working windings connected to the magnetic conductors, a shaft and stator and rotor discs assembled in sections and made of a dielectric material with radial cutouts, in which segments made of a magnetic material are accommodated, the stator and rotor disks being assembled in two sections, with the shift of the stator disks in different sections by an angle of 180 degrees, which corresponds to half of the magnetic and non-magnetic sectors of the disk, and the excitation windings of the inductor-type generator are connected in series, the generator further comprises windings that are connected in series to collect the even harmonics of the electromotive force therein, that are designed to produce a zero-frequency current component in the excitation winding through the regulating choke and the rectifier bridge.

Fig. 1 shows a cross section of the inductor-type generator structure according to the present invention;

Fig. 2 shows a stator disk;

Fig. 3 shows a rotor disk;

Fig. 4 shows the electrical diagram of regulation of the excitation current of the inductor-type generator according to the present invention.

Fig. 5 shows the magnetization curves of the winding core.

Referring to fig. 1 a cross-section of the inductor-type generator according to the present invention is shown.

The generator comprises a magnetic conductor 1, along which excitation windings 2 and working windings 3 are mounted. Sections of rotor and stator discs 5 are placed around the shaft 4. As can be seen in the figure, two sections of discs are used in the structure.

As a detailed analysis revealed, the change of magnetic flux in one cycle depends on the ratio of maximum and minimum magnetic resistances, which is determined by the size of the gap between the disks, the tooth width, the gap between the teeth, and the thicknesses of the stator and rotor disks. When selecting these parameters optimally, the smaller the width of the tooth and the gap between the teeth, the more teeth will be placed on the disk of a certain radius and the higher will be the frequency for a certain number of rotations, and, therefore, the more power will be at the output.

The electromotive force generated by the magnetic flux changes affects both the working winding and the excitation winding and generates parasitic currents in the latter.. This is followed by the formation of a zero-frequency current component as a result of the rectification of the current in the excitation circuit, and the limits of the regulation of the excitation current are reduced. Obviously, parasitic currents in the excitation circuit can be reduced by using a powerful choke, although it is quite expensive and will have losses caused by the excitation current. In addition, the choke with its inductance will reduce the speed of excitation current regulation.

Therefore, the multidisc inductor-type generator is constructed in the form of different sections of discs, where the stator discs in each section are shifted by a certain angle, and a certain electrical angular shift occurs between the alternative current components in the windings.

Dividing into sections and shifting the electrical angle, in turn, provides in the working windings a more smooth rectification of the current.

In the inductor-type generator according to the present invention, the excitation windings are powered from the output voltage of the generator.

Fig. 2 shows the stator disk. It is made of a sheet of a strong dielectric material, such as glass- bonded (reinforced ) dielectric material, with radial through holes. Segments (teeth) 1 made of ferromagnetic material are inserted into the holes. A hole for passing the shaft is made in the inner part of the disk. Fig. 3 shows a rotor disk, which, like a stator disk, can be made of glass-bonded (reinforced ) dielectric material and teeth made of ferromagnetic material are inserted in its radial cut-outs. It was determined by the authors of the invention that in case of shifting the stator disks in different sections of the two-section inductor-type generator by an angle of 180 degrees, which corresponds to half of the feromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic sectors of the disc, the basic and odd harmonics of the electromotive force are suppressed, and the even harmonics, on the contrary, are strengthened. Due to the fact that inductor -type generators operate at high frequencies, the choke in the excitation winding, which limits the alternating current, can be a low power choke. In addition, according to the calculations, in the presence of a rectifier bridge, the zero-frequency component of the current generated in the winding is approximately equal to the AC component of the current and is much smaller than the excitation current. On the other hand, the zero-frequency voltage component generated as a result of rectifying the alternating current with a four-diode bridge produces a significant excitation current, which is due to the fact that the active impedance of the circuit is much less than the inductive impedance.

Therefore, the invention proposes the construction of a multidisc inductor-type generator, in which suppression of the basic and all odd harmonics in the excitation circuit is ensured, while the second and all other even harmonics are used to generate the basic excitation current.

Fig. 4 shows the electrical diagram of the excitation current regulation of the proposed inductor-type generator. The excitation windings W1 and W2 of the inductor-type generator are connected in sries. Choke D3 parameters are calculated in such a way that a small alternating current and a zero-frequency current component approximately equal to it flow in the circuit. The excitation current is mainly created by the windings el and e2, which are connected in sries and the even harmonics of the electromotive force are collected in them, which generate current through the regulating choke ^4 in the rectifier bridge B3. As a result of rectification, a zero-frequency current component is formed in the excitation winding. Since the active resistance of the excitation circuit is small, the value of the excitation current is determined by the inductive impedance of the choke ^4 and the number of coils of the windings el and e2. Choke ^4 parameters are adjusted as a result of the change of the air gap in the ferromagnetic core, which can be carried out both manually and with a micromotor, preferably remotely, using an appropriate automatic adjustment device (not shown in the figure). However, the operation of the micromotor is accompanied by inertia, and in order to quickly adjust the parameters of the inductor-type generator, the inventors of the invention developed an internal adjustment tool. As it is known, an inductor-type generator operates at different rotation frequencies and, therefore, at different frequencies. The current passing through the choke ^4 changes slightly, since by the change in its inductive resistance (due to the increase in frequency), the increase in the electromotive force in the windings el and e2 is compensated. At this time, the output voltage can increase dramatically, and to protect against overvoltage, the inventors of the invention proposed the following adjustment method. In parallel with the rectifier ^,3, the winding of the magnetic amplifier MY is connected, the ferromagnetic core of which is not saturated in the normal state, and, thereforem its resistance is great. In case of overvoltage, the electromotive force in the windings ql and q2 increases (in these windings there is a duplication of the electromotive force in the working windings). These electromotive forces are rectified by rectifiers B6 and B7 and applied to the stabilitron CT and the second control winding of the magnetic amplifier MY. When the total electromotive force in the windings ql and q2 exceeds the opening limit of the stabilitron CT, the current begins to flow in the control winding MY of the magnetic amplifier, which saturates its ferromagnetic core and, because of this, the impedance of the first working winding of the magnetic amplifier MY drops drastically. In this scheme, the opening of the stabilitron ST is regulated by the branches of the windings ql and q2, and the current in the control winding is regulated through the driving chokes ,21,5 and ,21,6.

The output voltage of an inductor-type generator drops as the load current increases. In order to regulate the output voltage, the inventors of the present invention propose additional feeding of the excitation windings with the load current. For this purpose, in the circuit of the working windings (before rectifying the current), adjustable choke current transformers TD1 and TD2 are included, which generate voltages proportional to the load current. These voltages are applied to the rectifier bridges B4 and B5, and the current in the excitation winding increases.

In this scheme, the working windings W1 and W2 supply current to the output capacitor through the diode rectifiers Bl and B2 and the retarding chokes ,Z 1 and ,Z 2.

Fig. 5 shows the magnetization curves of the core of the windings when the teeth on the rotor and stator disks coincide (position 1, curve Kpl) and when the teeth of the rotor disk are positioned in the middle of the gap between the stator disks (position 2, curve Kp2). On the graph, the values of the magnetomotive force due to the currents in the working windings W1 are represented on the horizontal axis, and the values of the magnetic flux in the core are measured on the vertical axis, which are determined by the product of the cross-sectional area of the core and the induction.