SCHULTZ DANIEL (US)
SHEN ZHIHANG (US)
WO2019165158A1 | 2019-08-29 |
US20200093822A1 | 2020-03-26 | |||
US20160031797A1 | 2016-02-04 |
DATABASE PUBCHEM 18 August 2020 (2020-08-18), XP093000547, Database accession no. 420952050
DATABASE PUBCHEM 21 February 2021 (2021-02-21), XP093000549, Database accession no. 440373913
CLAIMS What is claimed is: 1. A compound of Formula (F), or a salt thereof: wherein: R1 is optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted cycloalkyl; RA2 is H or halogen; R2 is optionally substituted , optionally substituted , or optionally substituted n is 1 or 2. 2. The compound of claim 1, or a salt thereof, wherein the compound is of Formula (A): wherein: or R1 is optionally substituted alkyl or cycloalkyl; RA2 is H or halogen; and R2 is optionally substituted optionally substituted or optionally substituted 3. The compound of claim 1 or 2, wherein the compound is of Formula (IV), or a salt thereof: 4. The compound of claim 3, wherein the compound is of Formula (IV-c), or a salt thereof: 5. The compound of claim 3, wherein the compound is of Formula (IV-d), or a salt thereof: 6. The compound of claim 3, wherein the compound is of Formula (IV-e), or a salt thereof: 7. The compound of claim 1 or 2, wherein compound is of Formula (I), or a salt thereof: wherein: R1 is alkyl or cycloalkyl; and R2 is selected from the group consisting of: 8. The compound of claim 7, or a salt thereof, according to Formula (La): 9. The compound of claim 7, or a salt thereof, according to Formula (I-b): 10. The compound of any one of claims 7-9, or a salt thereof, according to Formula (I-c): 11. The compound of any one of claims 7-9, or a salt thereof, according to Formula (I-d): 12. The compound of claim 1 or 2, wherein the compound is of Formula (V) or (VI), or a salt thereof: wherein R2 is optionally substituted , optionally substituted , optionally substituted , or opti onally substituted . 13. The compound of claim 12, wherein the compound is of Formula (V-A), or a salt thereof: wherein: R2 is RA3 is optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted carbocyclyl. 14. The compound of claim 1 or 2, wherein the compound is of Formula (VII) or (VIII), or a salt thereof: 15. The compound of any one of claims 1-6, 12, or 14, or a salt thereof, wherein R2 is optionally substituted , optionally substituted , optionally substituted , r optionally substituted 16. The compound of any one of claims 1-6, 12, or 14, or a salt thereof, wherein R2 is or . 17. The compound of any one of claims 1-6, 12, or 14, or a salt thereof, wherein R2 is 18. The compound of claim 13 or 17, wherein RA3 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl or optionally substituted C3-8 carbocyclyl. 19. The compound of claim 13, 17, or 18, wherein RA3 is 20. The compound of any one of claims 1-6, 12, or 14, or a salt thereof, wherein R2 is , wherein RA3 is 21. The compound of any one of claims 1-15, 17, or 20, or a salt thereof, wherein R2 is . 22. The compound of any one of claims 1-11, or a salt thereof, wherein R2 is 23. The compound of claim 22, or a salt thereof, wherein R2 is 24. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a salt thereof, wherein R1 is C1–6 alkyl. 25. The compound of claim 24, or a salt thereof, wherein R1 is isopropyl. 26. The compound of any one of claims 1-23, or a salt thereof, wherein R1 is C1–8 cycloalkyl. 27. The compound of claim 26, or a salt thereof, wherein R1 is cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl. 28. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a salt thereof, wherein RA2 is hydrogen. 29. The compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a salt thereof, wherein RA2 is halogen. 30. The compound of claim 29, or a salt thereof, wherein RA2 is fluorine. 31. The compound of claim 1 or 2, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of: or a salt thereof. 32. The compound of claim 1 or 2, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of or a salt thereof. 33. The compound of claim 1 or 2, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of or a salt thereof. 34. The compound of claim 1 or 2, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of or a salt thereof. 35. The compound of claim 1 or 2, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of , or a salt thereof. 36. The compound of claim 1 or 2, wherein the compound has the structure , or a salt thereof. 37. The compound of claim 1 or 2, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of or a salt thereof. 38. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of , or a salt thereof. 39. A compound of Formula (B), or a salt thereof: wherein: RA1 is R1 is optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted cycloalkyl; RA2 is H or halogen; L is a linker selected from the group consisting of -NH(C=O)-, -(C=O)NH-, optionally substituted five-membered N-containing heterocyclylene, optionally substituted five-membered N-containing heteroarylene, or optionally substituted heteroarylalkylene; and R3 is a carbohydrate or carbohydrate substituted with one or more oxygen protecting groups. 40. The compound of claim 39, wherein the compound is of Formula (IX), or a salt thereof: 41. The compound of claim 40, wherein the compound is of Formula (IX-c), or a salt thereof: 42. The compound of claim 40, wherein the compound is of Formula (IX-d), or a salt thereof: 43. The compound of claim 40, wherein the compound is of Formula (IX-e), or a salt thereof: 44. The compound of claim 40, wherein the compound is of Formula (X), (XI), (XII), or (XIII), or a salt thereof: 45. The compound of claim 44, wherein the compound is of Formula (X-c), (XI-c), (XII-c), or (XIII-c), or a salt thereof: 46. The compound of claim 44, wherein the compound is of Formula (X-d), (XI-d), (XII-d), or (XIII-d), or a salt thereof: 47. The compound of claim 44, wherein the compound is of Formula (X-e), (XI-e), (XII-e), or (XIII-e), or a salt thereof: 48. The compound of any one of claims 39-47, or a salt thereof, wherein L is -NH(C=O)- or – (C=O)NH-. 49. The compound of any one of claims 39-47, wherein L is a linker selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted five-membered N-containing heterocyclylene and optionally substituted five-membered N-containing heteroarylene. 50. The compound of claim 49, or a salt thereof, wherein L is optionally substituted pyrrolidinylene, optionally substituted pyrazolidinylene, optionally substituted imadazolidinylene, optionally substituted 3-pyrrolinylene, optionally substituted 2-pyrrolinylene, optionally substituted 2-pyrazolinylene, optionally substituted 2-imidazolinylene, optionally substituted 2H-pyrrolylene, optionally substituted 1H-pyrrolylene, optionally substituted pyrazolylene, optionally substituted imidazolylene, optionally substituted 1,2,4-triazolylene, optionally substituted 1,2,3-triazolylene, or optionally substituted tetrazolylene. 51. The compound of claim 50, or a salt thereof, wherein L is optionally substituted pyrazolylene, optionally substituted imidazolylene, optionally substituted 1,2,4-triazolylene, or optionally substituted 1,2,3-triazolylene. 52. The compound of claim 51, or a salt thereof, wherein L is 53. The compound of claim 52, or a salt thereof, wherein L is 54. The compound of any one of claims 39-53, wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting herein: each R4 is independently hydrogen or an oxygen protecting group or wherein two R4 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form an oxygen protecting group; and each R5 is independently hydrogen or a nitrogen protecting group. 55. The compound of claim 54, wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of 56. The compound of claim 39, wherein the compound is of Formula (II), or a salt thereof: wherein: L is a linker selected from the group consisting of -NH(C=O)-, -(C=O)NH-, R3 is selected from the group consisting of , wherein: each R4 is independently hydrogen or an oxygen protecting group; and each R5 is independently hydrogen or a nitrogen protecting group. 57. The compound of 44, or a salt thereof, wherein R3 is 58. The compound of claim 57, or a salt thereof, wherein R3 is 59. The compound any one of claims 39-47 or 49-58, or a salt thereof, wherein -L-R3 is . 60. The compound of any one of claims 39-55 or 57, or a salt thereof, wherein -L-R3 is 61. The compound of claim 56, or a salt thereof, according to Formula (II-a): 62. The compound of any one of claims 54-61, or a salt thereof, wherein R4 is H. 63. The compound of any one of claims 54-61, or a salt thereof, wherein R4 is an oxygen protecting group. 64. The compound of claim 63, or a salt thereof, wherein the oxygen protecting group is acyl. 65. The compound of any one of claims 54-61, or a salt thereof, wherein two R4 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form an oxygen protecting group. 66. The compound of claim 65, or a salt thereof, wherein two R4 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form an acetal protecting group. 67. The compound of any one of claims 39-66, or a salt thereof, wherein RA2 is hydrogen. 68. The compound of any one of claims 39-66, or a salt thereof, wherein RA2 is halogen. 69. The compound of claim 68, or a salt thereof, wherein RA2 is fluorine. 70. The compound of claim 39, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of: , or a salt thereof. 71. The compound of claim 39, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of: , or a salt thereof. 72. The compound of claim 39, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of: or a salt thereof. 73. The compound of claim 39, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of: , or a salt thereof. 74. A compound of Formula (C), or a salt thereof: wherein: RA1 is R1 is optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted cycloalkyl; R6 is optionally substituted herein: X1, X2, X3, and X4 are each independently selected from -N(R7)-, -O-, -S-, and - C(R8)(R9)-; each R7 is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, or a nitrogen protecting group; and R8 and R9 are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, or are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form a carbonyl. 75. The compound of claim 74, wherein the compound is of Formula (III), or a salt thereof: wherein: R6 is wherein: X1, X2, X3, and X4 are each independently selected from -N(R7)-, -O-, -S-, and - C(R8)(R9)-; each R7 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, or a nitrogen protecting group; and R8 and R9 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, or taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form a carbonyl. 76. The compound of claim 74, wherein the compound is of Formula (XIV), (XV), or (XVI), or a salt thereof: 77. The compound of any one of claims 74-76, or a salt thereof, wherein R6 is 78. The compound of any one of claims 74-76, or a salt thereof, wherein R6 is 79. The compound of any one of claims 74-76, or a salt thereof, wherein R6 is . 80. The compound of any one of claims 74-76, or a salt thereof, wherein R6 is . 81. The compound of any one of claims 74-80, or a salt thereof, wherein at least one of X1, X2, X3, and X4 is -N(R7)-. 82. The compound of claim 81, or a salt thereof, wherein R7 is hydrogen. 83. The compound of any one of claims 74-82, or a salt thereof, wherein at least one of X1, X2, X3, and X4 is -C(R8)(R9)- and R8 and R9 taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form a carbonyl. 84. The compound of claim 74, wherein the compound is of Formula (XVII), or a salt thereof: 85. The compound of claim 76, or a salt thereof, wherein R1 is C1–6 alkyl. 86. The compound of claim 85, or a salt thereof, wherein R1 is isopropyl. 87. The compound of claim 74, wherein the compound has the formula: , or a salt thereof. 88. The compound of claim 74, wherein the compound has the formula: or a salt thereof. 89. A compound of Formula (D), or a salt thereof: wherein: RA1 is and R1 is optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted cycloalkyl. 90. The compound of claim 89, or a salt thereof, wherein R1 is C1-6 alkyl. 91. The compound of claim 90, or a salt thereof, wherein R1 is isopropyl. 92. The compound of claim 89, wherein the compound has the formula: , or a salt thereof. 93. The compound of claim 89, wherein the compound has the formula: , or a salt thereof. 94. A compound of Formula (E), or a salt thereof: wherein: R8 is RA2 is halogen; Y1 is -O- or -N(R7)-; and R7 is hydrogen, alkyl, or a nitrogen protecting group. 95. The compound of claim 94, or a salt thereof, wherein RA2 is fluorine. 96. The compound of claim 94 or 95, or a salt thereof, wherein Y1 is -O- or -NH-. 97. The compound of claim 94, wherein the compound has the formula: or a salt thereof. 98. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of any one of the preceding claims, or a salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 99. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 98, further comprising an additional therapeutic agent. 100. A method of inhibiting IL-6 signaling comprising administering a compound of any one of claims 1-97, or a salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 98 or 99. 101. The method of claim 100, wherein the compound is a dual PARP/IL-6 inhibitor. 102. The method of claim 100 or 101, wherein the inhibition of IL-6 is in vitro. 103. The method of claim 100 or 101, wherein the inhibition of IL-6 is in vivo. 104. The method of any one of claims 100-103, further comprising administering the compound to a subject. 105. A method of inhibiting IL-6/gp130 comprising administering a compound of any one of claims 1-97, or a salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 98 or 99. 106. The method of claim 105, wherein the compound is a dual PARP/IL-6 inhibitor. 107. The method of claim 105 or 106, wherein the inhibition is in vitro. 108. The method of claim 105 or 106, wherein the inhibition is in vivo. 109. The method of any one of claims 105-108, further comprising administering the compound to a subject. 110. A method of treating inflammatory disease in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject a compound of any one of claims 1-97, or a salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 98 or 99. 111. The method of claim 110, wherein the inflammatory disease is fibrosis. 112. The method of claim 111, wherein the fibrosis is liver fibrosis. 113. The method of claim 110, wherein the inflammatory disease is nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 114. A method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject a compound of any one of claims 1-97, or a salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 98 or 99. 115. The method of claim 114, wherein the cancer is breast cancer or pancreatic cancer. 116. The method of claim 115, wherein the breast cancer is triple negative breast cancer. 117. The method of claim 114, wherein the cancer is bone cancer or brain cancer. 118. A method of treating an autoimmune disease in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject a compound of any one of claims 1-97, or a salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 98 or 99. 119. The method of any one of claims 100-118, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1-97, or a salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of any one of claims 98 or 99. 120. The method of any one of claims 100-119, wherein the subject is identified as in need of such treatment. 121. The method of any one of claims 100-120, wherein the subject has such disease or disorder. |
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate or prodrug thereof. Formulae (A) and (F) [0146] In one aspect, provided herein is a compound of Formula (F), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof: wherein: or R 1 is optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted cycloalkyl; R A2 is H or halogen; R 2 is optionally substituted , optionally substituted , or optionally substituted n is 1 or 2. [0147] In one aspect, provided herein is a compound of Formula (A), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof: wherein: R A1 is R 1 is optionally substituted alkyl or cycloalkyl; R A2 is H or halogen; and R 2 is optionally substituted , optionally substituted , or optionally substituted
[0148] In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (IV), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof: [0149] In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (IV-c), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof: [0150] In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (IV-d), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof: [0151] In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (IV-e), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof: [0152] In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (I), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof: wherein: R 1 is alkyl or cycloalkyl; and R 2 is selected from the group consisting of: [0153] In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (I-a), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof: [0154] In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (I-b), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof: [0155] In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (I-c), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof: [0156] In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (I-d), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof: [0157] In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (V), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof:
wherein R 2 is optionally substituted , optionally substituted , optionally substituted , or optionally substituted . [0158] In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (V-a), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof: wherein: R 2 is and R A3 is optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted carbocyclyl. [0159] In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (VI), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof: wherein R 2 is optionally substituted , optionally substituted , optionally substituted , or optionally substituted [0160] In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (VII), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof: R [0161] In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (VIII), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof: [0162] In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (XVIII), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof: wherein R A1 is R 2 is [0163] In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (XVIII-a), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof: wherein R 2 is [0164] In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (XVIII-b), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof: wherein R 2 is [0165] In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (XIX), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof: wherein R A1 i ; R 2 is . [0166] In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (XIX-a), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof: wherein R 2 is [0167] In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (XIX-b), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof: wherein R 2 is [0168] In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (XX), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof: wherein: R 2 is R A3 is optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted carbocyclyl. [0169] In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (XX-a), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof: wherein: R 2 is R A3 is optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted carbocyclyl. [0170] In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (XX-b), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof: wherein: R 2 is R A3 is optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted carbocyclyl. [0171] In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (XXI), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof: wherein: , , [0172] As defined herein, R A1 is In some emb A1 odiments, R is . [0173] In some embodiments, R A1 is not [0174] As defined herein, n is 1 or 2. In some embodiments, n is 1. In some embodiments, n is 2. [0175] As defined herein, R 1 is optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is optionally substituted alkyl or cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is optionally substituted alkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is alkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is optionally substituted C 1-10 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is C 1-10 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is C 1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is optionally substituted C 1-4 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is C 1-4 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, or tert-butyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is methyl or ethyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is methyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is ethyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is isopropyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is n-propyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is optionally substituted cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is optionally substituted C 3-8 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is C 3-8 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is optionally substituted C 3-6 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is C 3-6 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is optionally substituted C 3-4 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is C 3-4 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is optionally substituted C 5-6 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is C 5-6 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is cyclopropyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is cyclobutyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is cyclopentyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is cyclohexyl. [0176] As defined herein, R A2 is H or halogen. In some embodiments, R A2 is H. In some embodiments, R A2 is halogen. In some embodiments, R A2 is I, Br, Cl, or F. In some embodiments, R A2 is Br, Cl, or F. In some embodiments, R A2 is I. In some embodiments, R A2 is Br. In some embodiments, R A2 is Cl. In some embodiments, R A2 is F. In some embodiments, R A2 is F or H. In some embodiments, R A2 is Br or Cl. [0177] As defined herein, R 2 is optionally substituted , optionally substituted , or [0178] In some embodiments, R 2 is optionally substituted , optionally substituted , [0179] In some embodiments, R 2 is optionally substituted , optionally substituted [0180] In some embodiments, R 2 is substituted. In some embodiments, R 2 is N-substituted. In some embodiments, R 2 is N-substituted with a nitrogen protecting group, optionally substituted alkyl, or optionally substituted carbocyclyl. In some embodiments, R 2 is N-substituted with optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted carbocyclyl. In some embodiments, R 2 is substituted with R A3 . [0181] In some embodiments, R 2 is . In some embodiments, R 2 is , [0182] As defined herein, R A3 is optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted carbocyclyl. In some embodiments, R A3 is optionally substituted alkyl or cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R A3 is optionally substituted alkyl. In some embodiments, R A3 is alkyl. In some embodiments, R A3 is optionally substituted C 1-10 alkyl. In some embodiments, R A3 is C 1-10 alkyl substituted with halogen, C 3-6 carbocyclyl, C 3-6 heterocyclyl, C 6-10 aryl, or C 5-10 heteroaryl. In some embodiments, R A3 is C 1-10 haloalkyl. In some embodiments, R A3 is C 1-10 alkyl. In some embodiments, R A3 is optionally substituted C 1–6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R A3 is C 1–6 alkyl substituted with halogen, C 3-6 carbocyclyl, C 3-6 heterocyclyl, C 6-10 aryl, or C 5-10 heteroaryl. In some embodiments, R A3 is C 1–6 haloalkyl. In some embodiments, R A3 is C 1–6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R A3 is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl. In some embodiments, R A3 is optionally substituted C 1-4 alkyl. In some embodiments, R A3 is C 1-4 alkyl substituted with halogen, C 3-6 carbocyclyl, C 3-6 heterocyclyl, C 6-10 aryl, or C 5-10 heteroaryl. In some embodiments, R A3 is C 1-4 haloalkyl. In some embodiments, R A3 is C 1-4 alkyl. In some embodiments, R A3 is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, or tert-butyl. In some embodiments, R A3 is methyl or ethyl. In some embodiments, R A3 is methyl. In some embodiments, R A3 is ethyl. In some embodiments, R A3 is isopropyl. In some embodiments, R A3 is n-propyl. In some embodiments, R A3 is [0183] In some embodiments, R A3 is optionally substituted cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R A3 is optionally substituted C 3-8 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R A3 is C 3-8 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R A3 is optionally substituted C 3-6 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R A3 is C 3-6 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R A3 is optionally substituted C 3-4 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R A3 is C 3-4 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R A3 is optionally substituted C 5-6 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R A3 is C 5-6 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R A3 is cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl. In some embodiments, R A3 is cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl. In some embodiments, R A3 is cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl. In some embodiments, R A3 is cyclopropyl. In some embodiments, R A3 is cyclobutyl. In some embodiments, R A3 is cyclopentyl. In some embodiments, R A3 is cyclohexyl. [0184] In some embodiments, R A3 is optionally substituted C 1–6 alkyl or optionally substituted C 3-8 carbocyclyl. In some embodiments, R A3 is [0185] In some embodiments, R 2 is , , , wherein R A3 is In some embodiments, R 2 is , , , wherein R A3 is , , , , , , [0186] In some embodiments, R 2 is A3 , wherein R is ,
[0187] In some embodiments, if R A1 is and R A2 is F, R 2 is not A1 In some embodiments, R is r , R 2 is A2 and R is H. [0188] In some embodiments, if R A1 is and R A2 is H, R 2 is not In some embodiments, R A1 is 2 nd R is , , , , , , , and A2 R is halogen. [0189] In some embodiments, if R A1 is and R A2 is Br, R 2 is not . In some embodiments, R A1 is r R 2 is , and R A2 is H. In some embod A1 iments, R is R 2 is nd R A2 is H, F, or Cl. [0190] In some embodiments, the compound is selected from the group consisting of: or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof. [0191] In some embodiments, the compound is selected from the group consisting of:
, or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof. [0192] In some embodiments, the compound is selected from the group consisting of: or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof. [0193] In some embodiments, the compound is selected from the group consisting of: or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof. [0194] In some embodiments, the compound is selected from the group consisting of: , or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof. [0195] In some embodiments, the compound has the structure , or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof. [0196] In some embodiments, the compound is selected from the group consisting of: or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof. [0197] In some embodiments, the compound is selected from the group consisting of: , or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof. [0198] In some embodiments, a salt of a compound of Formula (A) is an acetate salt. In some embodiments, a solvate of a compound of Formula (A) is an acetic acid solvate. Formula (B) [0199] In another aspect, provided herein is a compound of Formula (B), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof: wherein: R A1 is R 1 is optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted cycloalkyl; R A2 is H or halogen; L is a linker selected from the group consisting of -NH(C=O)-, -(C=O)NH-, optionally substituted five-membered N-containing heterocyclylene, optionally substituted five-membered N-containing heteroarylene; and R 3 is a carbohydrate or a carbohydrate substituted with one or more oxygen protecting groups. [0200] In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (IX), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof: [0201] In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (IX-c), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof: [0202] In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (IX-d), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof: [0203] In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (IX-e), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof: [0204] In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (X-c), (XI-c), (XII-c), or (XIII-c), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof:
[0205] In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (X-d), (CI-d), (Xll-d), or (XIII-d), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof:
[0206] In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (X-e), (CI-e), (Xll-e), or (XIII-e), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof: [0207] In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (X-c), (X-d), or (X-e). In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (XI-c), (XI-d), or (XI-e). In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (XII-c), (XII-d), or (XII-e). In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (XIII-c), (XIII-d), or (XIII-e). [0208] In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (II), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof: wherein: L is a linker selected from the group consisting of -NH(C=O)-, -(C=O)NH-, R 3 is selected from the group consisting of , , , wherein: each R 4 is independently hydrogen or an oxygen protecting group; and each R 5 is independently hydrogen or a nitrogen protecting group. [0209] In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (II-a), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof: [0210] As defined herein, R A1 is , , [0211] As defined herein, R 1 is optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is optionally substituted alkyl or cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is optionally substituted alkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is alkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is optionally substituted C 1-10 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is C 1-10 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is optionally substituted C 1–6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is C 1–6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is optionally substituted C 1-4 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is C 1-4 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, or tert-butyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is methyl or ethyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is methyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is ethyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is isopropyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is n-propyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is optionally substituted cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is optionally substituted C 3-8 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is C 3-8 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is optionally substituted C 3-6 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is C 3-6 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is optionally substituted C 3-4 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is C 3-4 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is optionally substituted C 5-6 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is C 5-6 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is cyclopropyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is cyclobutyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is cyclopentyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is cyclohexyl. [0212] As defined herein, R A2 is H or halogen. In some embodiments, R A2 is H. In some embodiments, R A2 is halogen. In some embodiments, R A2 is I, Br, Cl, or F. In some embodiments, R A2 is Br, Cl, or F. In some embodiments, R A2 is I. In some embodiments, R A2 is Br. In some embodiments, R A2 is Cl. In some embodiments, R A2 is F. In some embodiments, R A2 is F or H. In some embodiments, R A2 is Br or Cl. [0213] As defined herein, L is a linker selected from the group consisting of -NH(C=O)-, - (C=O)NH-, optionally substituted five-membered N-containing heterocyclylene, optionally substituted five-membered N-containing heteroarylene, or optionally substituted five-membered N-containing heteroarylalkylene. In some embodiments, L is a linker selected from the group consisting of -NH(C=O)-, -(C=O)NH-, optionally substituted five-membered N-containing heterocyclylene, and optionally substituted five-membered N-containing heteroarylene. [0214] In some embodiments, L is -NH(C=O)- or –(C=O)NH-. In some embodiments, L is - NH(C=O)-. In some embodiments, L is -(C=O)NH-. [0215] In some embodiments, L is a linker selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted five-membered N-containing heterocyclylene and optionally substituted five- membered N-containing heteroarylene. In some embodiments, L is optionally substituted five- membered N-containing heterocyclylene. In some embodiments, L is optionally substituted five- membered N-containing heteroarylene. In some embodiments, L is optionally substituted pyrrolidinylene, optionally substituted pyrazolidinylene, optionally substituted imadazolidinylene, optionally substituted 3-pyrrolinylene, optionally substituted 2-pyrrolinylene, optionally substituted 2-pyrazolinylene, optionally substituted 2-imidazolinylene, optionally substituted 2H-pyrrolylene, optionally substituted 1H-pyrrolylene, optionally substituted pyrazolylene, optionally substituted imidazolylene, optionally substituted 1,2,4-triazolylene, optionally substituted 1,2,3-triazolylene, or optionally substituted tetrazolylene. In some embodiments, L is optionally substituted pyrazolylene, optionally substituted imidazolylene, optionally substituted 1,2,4-triazolylene, or optionally substituted 1,2,3-triazolylene. [0216] In some embodiments, L is optionally substituted five-membered N-containing heteroarylalkylene. In some embodiments, L is optionally substituted five-membered N- containing heteroaryl(C 1–6 alkylene). In some embodiments, L is optionally substituted five- membered N-containing heteroarylmethylene. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is optionally substituted pyrrolidinyl, optionally substituted pyrazolidinyl, optionally substituted imadazolidinyl, optionally substituted 3-pyrrolinyl, optionally substituted 2-pyrrolinyl, optionally substituted 2-pyrazolinyl, optionally substituted 2-imidazolinyl, optionally substituted 2H- pyrrolyl, optionally substituted 1H-pyrrolyl, optionally substituted pyrazolyl, optionally substituted imidazolyl, optionally substituted 1,2,4-triazolyl, optionally substituted 1,2,3- triazolyl, or optionally substituted tetrazolyl. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is optionally substituted pyrazolyl, optionally substituted imidazolyl, optionally substituted 1,2,4-triazolyl, or optionally substituted 1,2,3-triazolyl. [0217] In some embodiments, L is n some embodiments, L is [0218] In some embodiments, L is a linker selected from the group consisting of -NH(C=O)-, - (C=O)NH-, n some embodiments, L is a linker selected from the group consisting of -NH(C=O)-, -(C=O)NH-, a linker selected from the group consisting of -NH(C=O)-, -(C=O)NH-, n some embodiments, L is a linker selected from the group consisting of -NH(C=O)-, -(C=O)NH-, and . In some embodiments, L is a linker selected from the group consisting of - NH(C=O)-, -(C=O)NH-, and [0219] As defined herein, R 3 is a carbohydrate or a carbohydrate substituted with one or more oxygen protecting groups. In some embodiments, R 3 is a carbohydrate. In some embodiments, R 3 is a carbohydrate substituted with one or more oxygen protecting groups. In some embodiments, the carbohydrate is a monosaccharide. In some embodiments, the carbohydrate is erythrose, threose, ribose, arabinose, xylose, lyxose, ribulose, xylulose, allose, altrose, glucose, mannose, gulose, idose, galactose, telose, galactosamine, N-acetylgalactose, glucosamine, N- acetylglucosamine, sialic acid, talose, psicose, fructose, sorbose, tagatose, fucose, fuculose, rhamonse, sedoheptulose, octose, sulfoquinovose, nonose (neuraminic acid), sucrose, lactulose, lactose, maltose, trehalose, cellobiose, kojibiose, nigerose, isomaltose, β,β-trehalose, α,β- trehalose, sophorose, laminaribiose, gentibiose, turanose, maltulose, palatinose, gentibiulose, mannobiose, melibiose, rutinose, rutinulose, xylobiose, raffinose, melezitose, acarbose, or stachyose. In some embodiments, the carbohydrate is allose, altrose, glucose, mannose, gulose, idose, galactose, or telose. [0220] In some embodiments, R 3 is selected from the group consisting of wherein: each R 4 is independently hydrogen or an oxygen protecting group or wherein two R 4 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form an oxygen protecting group; and each R 5 is independently hydrogen or a nitrogen protecting group. [0221] In some embodiments, R 3 is selected from the group consisting of
[0222] In some embodiments, R 3 is In some embodiments, R 3 is [0223] In some embodiments, R 3 is 3 n some embodiments, R is [0224] In some embodiments, R 3 is . In some embodiments, R 3 is [0225] In some embodiments, R 3 is 3 In some embodiments, R is
[0226] In some embodiments, R 3 is selected from the group consisting of , [0227] In some embodiments, R 3 is 3 In some embodiments, R [0228] In some embodiments, -L-R 3 is . In some embodiments, -L-R 3 is [0229] As defined herein, each R 4 is independently hydrogen or an oxygen protecting group or wherein two R 4 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form an oxygen protecting group. In some embodiments, each R 4 is independently hydrogen or an oxygen protecting group. In some embodiments, each R 4 is independently an oxygen protecting group or wherein two R 4 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form an oxygen protecting group. In some embodiments, at least one instance of R 4 is hydrogen. In some embodiments, each R 4 is hydrogen. In some embodiments, at least one instance of R 4 is an oxygen protecting group. In some embodiments, each R 4 is independently an oxygen protecting group. In some embodiments, the oxygen protecting group is silyl, TBDPS, TBDMS, TIPS, TES, TMS, MOM, THP, t-Bu, Bn, allyl, acetyl, pivaloyl, or benzoyl. In some embodiments, the oxygen protecting group is acyl. In some embodiments, the oxygen protecting group is acetyl. In some embodiments, two R 4 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form an oxygen protecting group. In some embodiments, two R 4 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form an acetal protecting group. [0230] As defined herein, each R 5 is independently hydrogen or a nitrogen protecting group. In some embodiments, at least one instance of R 5 is hydrogen. In some embodiments, each R 5 is hydrogen. In some embodiments, at least one instance of R 5 is a nitrogen protecting group. In some embodiments, each R 5 is independently a nitrogen protecting group. In some embodiments, the nitrogen protecting group is Bn, Boc, Cbz, Fmoc, trifluoroacetyl, triphenylmethyl, acetyl, or Ts. [0231] In some embodiments, the compound is selected from the group consisting of: , or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof. [0232] In some embodiments, the compound is selected from the group consisting of: , or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof. [0233] In some embodiments, the compound is selected from the group consisting of: , or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof. [0234] In some embodiments, the compound is selected from the group consisting of:
, or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof. [0235] In some embodiments, a salt of a compound of Formula (B) is an acetate salt. In some embodiments, a solvate of a compound of Formula (B) is an acetic acid solvate. Formula (C) [0236] In another aspect, provided herein is a compound of Formula (C), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof: wherein:
R 1 is optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted cycloalkyl; R 6 is optionally substituted herein: X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 are each independently selected from -N(R 7 )-, -O-, -S-, and - C(R 8 )(R 9 )-; each R 7 is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, or a nitrogen protecting group; and R 8 and R 9 are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, or are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form a carbonyl. [0237] In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (III), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof: wherein: wherein: X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 are each independently selected from -N(R 7 )-, -O-, -S-, and - C(R 8 )(R 9 )-; each R 7 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, or a nitrogen protecting group; and R 8 and R 9 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, or taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form a carbonyl. [0238] In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (XIV), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof: [0239] In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (XV), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof: [0240] In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (XVI), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof: [0241] In some embodiments, the compound is of Formula (XVII), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof:
[0242] As defined herein, R A1 is , , embodiments, R A1 is . In some embodiments, R A1 is [0243] As defined herein, R 1 is optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is optionally substituted alkyl or cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is optionally substituted alkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is alkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is optionally substituted C 1-10 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is C 1-10 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is C 1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is optionally substituted C 1-4 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is C 1-4 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, or tert-butyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is methyl or ethyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is methyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is ethyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is isopropyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is n-propyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is optionally substituted cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is optionally substituted C 3-8 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is C 3-8 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is optionally substituted C 3-6 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is C 3-6 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is optionally substituted C 3-4 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is C 3-4 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is optionally substituted C 5-6 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is C 5-6 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is cyclopropyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is cyclobutyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is cyclopentyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is cyclohexyl. [0244] As defined herein, R 6 is optionally substituted
[0245] In some embodiments, R 6 is optionally substituted . In some embodiments, R 6 [0246] As defined herein, X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 are each independently selected from -N(R 7 )-, -O-, -S-, and -C(R 8 )(R 9 )-. In some embodiments, at least one of X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 is -N(R 7 )-. In some embodiments, one of X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 is -N(R 7 )-. In some embodiments, at least one of X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 is -O-. In some embodiments, one of X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 is -O-. In some embodiments, at least one of X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 is -S-. In some embodiments, one of X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 is -S-. In some embodiments, at least one of X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 is -C(R 8 )(R 9 )-. In some embodiments, at least one of X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 is -C(R 8 )(R 9 )-, and R 8 and R 9 taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form a carbonyl. [0247] As defined herein, each R 7 is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, or a nitrogen protecting group. In some embodiments, R 7 is hydrogen, alkyl, or a nitrogen protecting group. In some embodiments, each R 7 is independently hydrogen or optionally substituted alkyl. In some embodiments, each R 7 is independently hydrogen or a nitrogen protecting group. In some embodiments, each R 7 is independently optionally substituted alkyl or a nitrogen protecting group. In some embodiments, at least one R 7 is hydrogen. In some embodiments, each R 7 is hydrogen. In some embodiments, at least one R 7 is optionally substituted alkyl. In some embodiments, each R 7 is optionally substituted alkyl. In some embodiments, at least one R 7 is unsubstituted alkyl. In some embodiments, each R 7 is unsubstituted alkyl. In some embodiments, at least one R 7 is optionally substituted C 1–6 alkyl. In some embodiments, at least one R 7 is unsubstituted C 1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 7 is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl. In some embodiments, R 7 is optionally substituted C 1-4 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 7 is unsubstituted C 1-4 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 7 is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, or tert-butyl. In some embodiments, R 7 is methyl or ethyl. In some embodiments, R 7 is methyl. In some embodiments, R 7 is ethyl. In some embodiments, at least one R 7 is a nitrogen protecting group. In some embodiments, each R 7 is a nitrogen protecting group. In some embodiments, the nitrogen protecting group is Bn, Boc, Cbz, Fmoc, trifluoroacetyl, triphenylmethyl, acetyl, or Ts. [0248] As defined herein, R 8 and R 9 are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, or are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form a carbonyl. In some embodiments, R 8 and R 9 taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form a carbonyl. In some embodiments, R 8 is hydrogen or optionally substituted alkyl, and R 9 is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R 8 is hydrogen or optionally substituted alkyl, and R 9 is optionally substituted alkyl. In some embodiments, R 8 is hydrogen, and R 9 is hydrogen or optionally substituted alkyl. In some embodiments, R 8 is optionally substituted alkyl, and R 9 is hydrogen or optionally substituted alkyl. In some embodiments, R 8 is hydrogen, and R 9 is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R 8 is hydrogen, and R 9 is optionally substituted alkyl. In some embodiments, R 8 is optionally substituted alkyl, and R 9 is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R 8 is optionally substituted alkyl, and R 9 is optionally substituted alkyl. In some embodiments, at least one of R 8 and R 9 is optionally substituted C 1–6 alkyl. In some embodiments, at least one of R 8 and R 9 is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl. In some embodiments, at least one of R 8 and R 9 is optionally substituted C 1-4 alkyl. In some embodiments, at least one of R 8 and R 9 is unsubstituted C 1-4 alkyl. In some embodiments, at least one of R 8 and R 9 is methyl, ethyl, n- propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, or tert-butyl. In some embodiments, at least one of R 8 and R 9 is methyl or ethyl. In some embodiments, at least one of R 8 and R 9 is methyl. In some embodiments, at least one of R 8 and R 9 is ethyl. [0249] In some embodiments, the compound is selected from the group consisting of: , or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof. [0250] In some embodiments, the compound is selected from the group consisting of: or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof. [0251] In some embodiments, a salt of a compound of Formula (C) is an acetate salt. In some embodiments, a solvate of a compound of Formula (C) is an acetic acid solvate. Formula (D) [0252] In another aspect, provided herein is a compound of Formula (D), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof: wherein: R 1 is optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted cycloalkyl. [0253] As defined herein, R A1 is
[0254] As defined herein, R 1 is optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is optionally substituted alkyl or cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is optionally substituted alkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is alkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is optionally substituted C 1-10 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is C 1-10 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is optionally substituted C 1–6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is C 1–6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is optionally substituted C 1-4 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is C 1-4 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, or tert-butyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is methyl or ethyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is methyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is ethyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is isopropyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is n-propyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is optionally substituted cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is unsubstituted cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is optionally substituted C 3-8 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is C 3-8 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is optionally substituted C 3-6 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is C 3-6 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is optionally substituted C 3-4 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is C 3-4 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is optionally substituted C 5-6 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is C 5-6 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is cyclopropyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is cyclobutyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is cyclopentyl. In some embodiments, R 1 is cyclohexyl. [0255] In some embodiments, the compound has the formula: , or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof. [0256] In some embodiments, the compound has the formula: or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof. [0257] In some embodiments, a salt of a compound of Formula (D) is an acetate salt. In some embodiments, a solvate of a compound of Formula (D) is an acetic acid solvate. Formula (E) [0258] In another aspect, provided herein is a compound of Formula (E), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof:
wherein: R 8 is R A2 is halogen; Y 1 is -O- or -N(R 7 )-; and R 7 is hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, or a nitrogen protecting group. [0259] As defined herein, R 8 is 8 , , In some embodiments, R is [0260] As defined herein, R A2 is halogen. In some embodiments, R A2 is I, Br, Cl, or F. In some embodiments, R A2 is Br, Cl, or F. In some embodiments, R A2 is F or H. In some embodiments, R A2 is Br or Cl. In some embodiments, R A2 is I. In some embodiments, R A2 is Br. In some embodiments, R A2 is Cl. [0261] As defined herein, Y 1 is -O- or -N(R 7 )-. In some embodiments, Y 1 is -O-. In some embodiments, Y 1 is -N(R 7 )-. [0262] In some embodiments, In some embodiments, [0263] As defined herein, R 7 is hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, or a nitrogen protecting group. In some embodiments, R 7 is hydrogen, alkyl, or a nitrogen protecting group. In some embodiments, R 7 is hydrogen or optionally substituted alkyl. In some embodiments, R 7 is hydrogen or a nitrogen protecting group. In some embodiments, R 7 is optionally substituted alkyl or a nitrogen protecting group. In some embodiments, R 7 is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R 7 is optionally substituted alkyl. In some embodiments, R 7 is unsubstituted alkyl. In some embodiments, R 7 is optionally substituted C 1–6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 7 is unsubstituted C 1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 7 is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl. In some embodiments, R 7 is optionally substituted C 1-4 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 7 is unsubstituted C 1-4 alkyl. In some embodiments, R 7 is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, or tert-butyl. In some embodiments, R 7 is methyl or ethyl. In some embodiments, R 7 is methyl. In some embodiments, R 7 is ethyl. In some embodiments, R 7 is a nitrogen protecting group. In some embodiments, the nitrogen protecting group is Bn, Boc, Cbz, Fmoc, trifluoroacetyl, triphenylmethyl, acetyl, or Ts. [0264] In some embodiments, the compound has the formula: or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof. [0265] In some embodiments, a salt of a compound of Formula (E) is an acetate salt. In some embodiments, a solvate of a compound of Formula (E) is an acetic acid solvate. Pharmaceutical Compositions [0266] In one aspect, provided herein is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound provided herein (e.g., a compound of Formula (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), or (F)), or a salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In another aspect, provided herein is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound provided herein (e.g., a compound of Formula (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), or (F)), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition further comprises an additional therapeutic agent. [0267] Pharmaceutical compositions described herein can be prepared by any method known in the art of pharmacology. In general, such preparatory methods include bringing the compound described herein (i.e., the “active ingredient”) into association (e.g., mixing, blending, combining, extruding) with a carrier or excipient, and/or one or more other accessory ingredients, and then, if necessary and/or desirable, shaping, and/or packaging the product into a desired single- or multi-dose unit. [0268] Pharmaceutical compositions can be prepared, packaged, and/or sold in bulk, as a single unit dose, and/or as a plurality of single unit doses. A “unit dose” is a discrete amount of the pharmaceutical composition comprising a predetermined amount of the active ingredient. The amount of the active ingredient is generally equal to the dosage of the active ingredient which would be administered to a subject and/or a convenient fraction of such a dosage, such as one- half or one-third of such a dosage. [0269] Relative amounts of the active ingredient, the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, and/or any additional ingredients in a pharmaceutical composition described herein will vary, depending upon the identity, size, and/or condition of the subject treated and further depending upon the route by which the composition is to be administered. The composition may comprise between 0.1% and 100% (w/w) active ingredient. [0270] Pharmaceutically acceptable excipients used in the manufacture of provided pharmaceutical compositions include inert diluents, dispersing and/or granulating agents, surface active agents and/or emulsifiers, disintegrating agents, binding agents, preservatives, buffering agents, lubricating agents, and/or oils. Excipients such as cocoa butter and suppository waxes, coloring agents, coating agents, sweetening, flavoring, and perfuming agents may also be present in the composition. [0271] Exemplary diluents include calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, calcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, sodium phosphate lactose, sucrose, cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, kaolin, mannitol, sorbitol, inositol, sodium chloride, dry starch, cornstarch, powdered sugar, and mixtures thereof. [0272] Exemplary granulating and/or dispersing agents include potato starch, corn starch, tapioca starch, sodium starch glycolate, clays, alginic acid, guar gum, citrus pulp, agar, bentonite, cellulose, and wood products, natural sponge, cation-exchange resins, calcium carbonate, silicates, sodium carbonate, cross-linked poly(vinyl-pyrrolidone) (crospovidone), sodium carboxymethyl starch (sodium starch glycolate), carboxymethyl cellulose, cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (croscarmellose), methylcellulose, pregelatinized starch (starch 1500), microcrystalline starch, water insoluble starch, calcium carboxymethyl cellulose, magnesium aluminum silicate (Veegum), sodium lauryl sulfate, quaternary ammonium compounds, and mixtures thereof. [0273] Exemplary surface active agents and/or emulsifiers include natural emulsifiers (e.g., acacia, agar, alginic acid, sodium alginate, tragacanth, chondrux, cholesterol, xanthan, pectin, gelatin, egg yolk, casein, wool fat, cholesterol, wax, and lecithin), colloidal clays (e.g., bentonite (aluminum silicate) and Veegum (magnesium aluminum silicate)), long chain amino acid derivatives, high molecular weight alcohols (e.g., stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, triacetin monostearate, ethylene glycol distearate, glyceryl monostearate, and propylene glycol monostearate, polyvinyl alcohol), carbomers (e.g., carboxy polymethylene, polyacrylic acid, acrylic acid polymer, and carboxyvinyl polymer), carrageenan, cellulosic derivatives (e.g., carboxymethylcellulose sodium, powdered cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, methylcellulose), sorbitan fatty acid esters (e.g., polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (Tween ® 20), polyoxyethylene sorbitan (Tween ® 60), polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween ® 80), sorbitan monopalmitate (Span ® 40), sorbitan monostearate (Span ® 60), sorbitan tristearate (Span ® 65), glyceryl monooleate, sorbitan monooleate (Span ® 80), polyoxyethylene esters (e.g., polyoxyethylene monostearate (Myrj ® 45), polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, polyethoxylated castor oil, polyoxymethylene stearate, and Solutol ® ), sucrose fatty acid esters, polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters (e.g., Cremophor ® ), polyoxyethylene ethers, (e.g., polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (Brij ® 30)), poly(vinyl-pyrrolidone), diethylene glycol monolaurate, triethanolamine oleate, sodium oleate, potassium oleate, ethyl oleate, oleic acid, ethyl laurate, sodium lauryl sulfate, Pluronic ® F-68, poloxamer P-188, cetrimonium bromide, cetylpyridinium chloride, benzalkonium chloride, docusate sodium, and/or mixtures thereof. [0274] Exemplary binding agents include starch (e.g., cornstarch and starch paste), gelatin, sugars (e.g., sucrose, glucose, dextrose, dextrin, molasses, lactose, lactitol, mannitol, etc.), natural and synthetic gums (e.g., acacia, sodium alginate, extract of Irish moss, panwar gum, ghatti gum, mucilage of isapol husks, carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, cellulose acetate, poly(vinyl-pyrrolidone), magnesium aluminum silicate (Veegum ® ), and larch arabogalactan), alginates, polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, inorganic calcium salts, silicic acid, polymethacrylates, waxes, water, alcohol, and/or mixtures thereof. [0275] Exemplary preservatives include antioxidants, chelating agents, antimicrobial preservatives, antifungal preservatives, antiprotozoan preservatives, alcohol preservatives, acidic preservatives, and other preservatives. In certain embodiments, the preservative is an antioxidant. In other embodiments, the preservative is a chelating agent. [0276] Exemplary antioxidants include alpha tocopherol, ascorbic acid, ascorbyl palmitate, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, monothioglycerol, potassium metabisulfite, propionic acid, propyl gallate, sodium ascorbate, sodium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, and sodium sulfite. [0277] Exemplary chelating agents include ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and salts and hydrates thereof (e.g., sodium edetate, disodium edetate, trisodium edetate, calcium disodium edetate, dipotassium edetate, and the like), citric acid and salts and hydrates thereof (e.g., citric acid monohydrate), fumaric acid and salts and hydrates thereof, malic acid and salts and hydrates thereof, phosphoric acid and salts and hydrates thereof, and tartaric acid and salts and hydrates thereof. Exemplary antimicrobial preservatives include benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, benzyl alcohol, bronopol, cetrimide, cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorhexidine, chlorobutanol, chlorocresol, chloroxylenol, cresol, ethyl alcohol, glycerin, hexetidine, imidurea, phenol, phenoxyethanol, phenylethyl alcohol, phenylmercuric nitrate, propylene glycol, and thimerosal. [0278] Exemplary antifungal preservatives include butyl paraben, methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben, benzoic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, potassium benzoate, potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, sodium propionate, and sorbic acid. [0279] Exemplary alcohol preservatives include ethanol, polyethylene glycol, phenol, phenolic compounds, bisphenol, chlorobutanol, hydroxybenzoate, and phenylethyl alcohol. [0280] Exemplary acidic preservatives include vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, citric acid, acetic acid, dehydroacetic acid, ascorbic acid, sorbic acid, and phytic acid. [0281] Other preservatives include tocopherol, tocopherol acetate, deteroxime mesylate, cetrimide, butylated hydroxyanisol (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluened (BHT), ethylenediamine, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), sodium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, potassium sulfite, potassium metabisulfite, Glydant ® Plus, Phenonip ® , methylparaben, Germall ® 115, Germaben ® II, Neolone ® , Kathon ® , and Euxyl ® . [0282] Exemplary buffering agents include citrate buffer solutions, acetate buffer solutions, phosphate buffer solutions, ammonium chloride, calcium carbonate, calcium chloride, calcium citrate, calcium glubionate, calcium gluceptate, calcium gluconate, D-gluconic acid, calcium glycerophosphate, calcium lactate, propanoic acid, calcium levulinate, pentanoic acid, dibasic calcium phosphate, phosphoric acid, tribasic calcium phosphate, calcium hydroxide phosphate, potassium acetate, potassium chloride, potassium gluconate, potassium mixtures, dibasic potassium phosphate, monobasic potassium phosphate, potassium phosphate mixtures, sodium acetate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, sodium citrate, sodium lactate, dibasic sodium phosphate, monobasic sodium phosphate, sodium phosphate mixtures, tromethamine, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, alginic acid, pyrogen-free water, isotonic saline, Ringer’s solution, ethyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof. [0283] Exemplary lubricating agents include magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, stearic acid, silica, talc, malt, glyceryl behanate, hydrogenated vegetable oils, polyethylene glycol, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium chloride, leucine, magnesium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, and mixtures thereof. [0284] Exemplary natural oils include almond, apricot kernel, avocado, babassu, bergamot, black current seed, borage, cade, camomile, canola, caraway, carnauba, castor, cinnamon, cocoa butter, coconut, cod liver, coffee, corn, cotton seed, emu, eucalyptus, evening primrose, fish, flaxseed, geraniol, gourd, grape seed, hazel nut, hyssop, isopropyl myristate, jojoba, kukui nut, lavandin, lavender, lemon, litsea cubeba, macademia nut, mallow, mango seed, meadowfoam seed, mink, nutmeg, olive, orange, orange roughy, palm, palm kernel, peach kernel, peanut, poppy seed, pumpkin seed, rapeseed, rice bran, rosemary, safflower, sandalwood, sasquana, savoury, sea buckthorn, sesame, shea butter, silicone, soybean, sunflower, tea tree, thistle, tsubaki, vetiver, walnut, and wheat germ oils. Exemplary synthetic oils include, but are not limited to, butyl stearate, caprylic triglyceride, capric triglyceride, cyclomethicone, diethyl sebacate, dimethicone 360, isopropyl myristate, mineral oil, octyldodecanol, oleyl alcohol, silicone oil, and mixtures thereof. [0285] Liquid dosage forms for oral and parenteral administration include pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, microemulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs. In addition to the active ingredients, the liquid dosage forms may comprise inert diluents commonly used in the art such as, for example, water or other solvents, solubilizing agents and emulsifiers such as ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, dimethylformamide, oils (e.g., cottonseed, groundnut, corn, germ, olive, castor, and sesame oils), glycerol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, polyethylene glycols and fatty acid esters of sorbitan, and mixtures thereof. Besides inert diluents, the oral compositions can include adjuvants such as wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, sweetening, flavoring, and perfuming agents. In certain embodiments for parenteral administration, the conjugates described herein are mixed with solubilizing agents such as Cremophor ® , alcohols, oils, modified oils, glycols, polysorbates, cyclodextrins, polymers, and mixtures thereof. [0286] Injectable preparations, for example, sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspensions can be formulated according to the known art using suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents. The sterile injectable preparation can be a sterile injectable solution, suspension, or emulsion in a nontoxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example, as a solution in 1,3-butanediol. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that can be employed are water, Ringer’s solution, U.S.P., and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition, sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium. For this purpose any bland fixed oil can be employed including synthetic mono- or di-glycerides. In addition, fatty acids such as oleic acid are used in the preparation of injectables. [0287] The injectable formulations can be sterilized, for example, by filtration through a bacterial-retaining filter, or by incorporating sterilizing agents in the form of sterile solid compositions which can be dissolved or dispersed in sterile water or other sterile injectable medium prior to use. [0288] In order to prolong the effect of a drug, it is often desirable to slow the absorption of the drug from subcutaneous or intramuscular injection. This can be accomplished by the use of a liquid suspension of crystalline or amorphous material with poor water solubility. The rate of absorption of the drug then depends upon its rate of dissolution, which, in turn, may depend upon crystal size and crystalline form. Alternatively, delayed absorption of a parenterally administered drug form may be accomplished by dissolving or suspending the drug in an oil vehicle. [0289] Compositions for rectal or vaginal administration are typically suppositories which can be prepared by mixing the conjugates described herein with suitable non-irritating excipients or carriers such as cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol, or a suppository wax which are solid at ambient temperature but liquid at body temperature and therefore melt in the rectum or vaginal cavity and release the active ingredient. [0290] Solid dosage forms for oral administration include capsules, tablets, pills, powders, and granules. In such solid dosage forms, the active ingredient is mixed with at least one inert, pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier such as sodium citrate or dicalcium phosphate and/or (a) fillers or extenders such as starches, lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, and silicic acid, (b) binders such as, for example, carboxymethylcellulose, alginates, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidinone, sucrose, and acacia, (c) humectants such as glycerol, (d) disintegrating agents such as agar, calcium carbonate, potato or tapioca starch, alginic acid, certain silicates, and sodium carbonate, (e) solution retarding agents such as paraffin, (f) absorption accelerators such as quaternary ammonium compounds, (g) wetting agents such as, for example, cetyl alcohol and glycerol monostearate, (h) absorbents such as kaolin and bentonite clay, and (i) lubricants such as talc, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, solid polyethylene glycols, sodium lauryl sulfate, and mixtures thereof. In the case of capsules, tablets, and pills, the dosage form may include a buffering agent. [0291] Solid compositions of a similar type can be employed as fillers in soft and hard-filled gelatin capsules using such excipients as lactose or milk sugar as well as high molecular weight polyethylene glycols and the like. The solid dosage forms of tablets, dragees, capsules, pills, and granules can be prepared with coatings and shells such as enteric coatings and other coatings well known in the art of pharmacology. They may optionally comprise opacifying agents and can be of a composition that they release the active ingredient(s) only, or preferentially, in a certain part of the intestinal tract, optionally, in a delayed manner. Examples of encapsulating compositions which can be used include polymeric substances and waxes. Solid compositions of a similar type can be employed as fillers in soft and hard-filled gelatin capsules using such excipients as lactose or milk sugar as well as high molecular weight polyethylene glycols and the like. [0292] The active ingredient can be in a micro-encapsulated form with one or more excipients as noted above. The solid dosage forms of tablets, dragees, capsules, pills, and granules can be prepared with coatings and shells such as enteric coatings, release controlling coatings, and other coatings well known in the pharmaceutical formulating art. In such solid dosage forms the active ingredient can be admixed with at least one inert diluent such as sucrose, lactose, or starch. Such dosage forms may comprise, as is normal practice, additional substances other than inert diluents, e.g., tableting lubricants and other tableting aids such a magnesium stearate and microcrystalline cellulose. In the case of capsules, tablets and pills, the dosage forms may comprise buffering agents. They may optionally comprise opacifying agents and can be of a composition that they release the active ingredient(s) only, or preferentially, in a certain part of the intestinal tract, optionally, in a delayed manner. Examples of encapsulating agents which can be used include polymeric substances and waxes. [0293] Dosage forms for topical and/or transdermal administration of a compound described herein may include ointments, pastes, creams, lotions, gels, powders, solutions, sprays, inhalants, and/or patches. Generally, the active ingredient is admixed under sterile conditions with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient and/or any needed preservatives and/or buffers as can be required. Additionally, the present disclosure contemplates the use of transdermal patches, which often have the added advantage of providing controlled delivery of an active ingredient to the body. Such dosage forms can be prepared, for example, by dissolving and/or dispensing the active ingredient in the proper medium. Alternatively or additionally, the rate can be controlled by either providing a rate controlling membrane and/or by dispersing the active ingredient in a polymer matrix and/or gel. [0294] Suitable devices for use in delivering intradermal pharmaceutical compositions described herein include short needle devices. Intradermal compositions can be administered by devices which limit the effective penetration length of a needle into the skin. Alternatively or additionally, conventional syringes can be used in the classical mantoux method of intradermal administration. Jet injection devices which deliver liquid formulations to the dermis via a liquid jet injector and/or via a needle which pierces the stratum corneum and produces a jet which reaches the dermis are suitable. Ballistic powder/particle delivery devices which use compressed gas to accelerate the compound in powder form through the outer layers of the skin to the dermis are suitable. [0295] Formulations suitable for topical administration include, but are not limited to, liquid and/or semi-liquid preparations such as liniments, lotions, oil-in-water and/or water-in-oil emulsions such as creams, ointments, and/or pastes, and/or solutions and/or suspensions. Topically administrable formulations may, for example, comprise from about 1% to about 10% (w/w) active ingredient, although the concentration of the active ingredient can be as high as the solubility limit of the active ingredient in the solvent. Formulations for topical administration may further comprise one or more of the additional ingredients described herein. [0296] A pharmaceutical composition described herein can be prepared, packaged, and/or sold in a formulation suitable for pulmonary administration via the buccal cavity. Such a formulation may comprise dry particles which comprise the active ingredient and which have a diameter in the range from about 0.5 to about 7 nanometers, or from about 1 to about 6 nanometers. Such compositions are conveniently in the form of dry powders for administration using a device comprising a dry powder reservoir to which a stream of propellant can be directed to disperse the powder and/or using a self-propelling solvent/powder dispensing container such as a device comprising the active ingredient dissolved and/or suspended in a low-boiling propellant in a sealed container. Such powders comprise particles wherein at least 98% of the particles by weight have a diameter greater than 0.5 nanometers and at least 95% of the particles by number have a diameter less than 7 nanometers. Alternatively, at least 95% of the particles by weight have a diameter greater than 1 nanometer and at least 90% of the particles by number have a diameter less than 6 nanometers. Dry powder compositions may include a solid fine powder diluent such as sugar and are conveniently provided in a unit dose form. [0297] Low boiling propellants generally include liquid propellants having a boiling point of below 65 °F at atmospheric pressure. Generally the propellant may constitute 50 to 99.9% (w/w) of the composition, and the active ingredient may constitute 0.1 to 20% (w/w) of the composition. The propellant may further comprise additional ingredients such as a liquid non- ionic and/or solid anionic surfactant and/or a solid diluent (which may have a particle size of the same order as particles comprising the active ingredient). [0298] Pharmaceutical compositions described herein formulated for pulmonary delivery may provide the active ingredient in the form of droplets of a solution and/or suspension. Such formulations can be prepared, packaged, and/or sold as aqueous and/or dilute alcoholic solutions and/or suspensions, optionally sterile, comprising the active ingredient, and may conveniently be administered using any nebulization and/or atomization device. Such formulations may further comprise one or more additional ingredients including, but not limited to, a flavoring agent such as saccharin sodium, a volatile oil, a buffering agent, a surface active agent, and/or a preservative such as methylhydroxybenzoate. The droplets provided by this route of administration may have an average diameter in the range from about 0.1 to about 200 nanometers. [0299] Formulations described herein as being useful for pulmonary delivery are useful for intranasal delivery of a pharmaceutical composition described herein. Another formulation suitable for intranasal administration is a coarse powder comprising the active ingredient and having an average particle from about 0.2 to 500 micrometers. Such a formulation is administered by rapid inhalation through the nasal passage from a container of the powder held close to the nares. [0300] Formulations for nasal administration may, for example, comprise from about as little as 0.1% (w/w) to as much as 100% (w/w) of the active ingredient, and may comprise one or more of the additional ingredients described herein. A pharmaceutical composition described herein can be prepared, packaged, and/or sold in a formulation for buccal administration. Such formulations may, for example, be in the form of tablets and/or lozenges made using conventional methods, and may contain, for example, 0.1 to 20% (w/w) active ingredient, the balance comprising an orally dissolvable and/or degradable composition and, optionally, one or more of the additional ingredients described herein. Alternately, formulations for buccal administration may comprise a powder and/or an aerosolized and/or atomized solution and/or suspension comprising the active ingredient. Such powdered, aerosolized, and/or aerosolized formulations, when dispersed, may have an average particle and/or droplet size in the range from about 0.1 to about 200 nanometers, and may further comprise one or more of the additional ingredients described herein. [0301] A pharmaceutical composition described herein can be prepared, packaged, and/or sold in a formulation for ophthalmic administration. Such formulations may, for example, be in the form of eye drops including, for example, a 0.1-1.0% (w/w) solution and/or suspension of the active ingredient in an aqueous or oily liquid carrier or excipient. Such drops may further comprise buffering agents, salts, and/or one or more other of the additional ingredients described herein. Other opthalmically-administrable formulations which are useful include those which comprise the active ingredient in microcrystalline form and/or in a liposomal preparation. Ear drops and/or eye drops are also contemplated as being within the scope of this disclosure. [0302] Although the descriptions of pharmaceutical compositions provided herein are principally directed to pharmaceutical compositions which are suitable for administration to humans, it will be understood by the skilled artisan that such compositions are generally suitable for administration to animals of all sorts. Modification of pharmaceutical compositions suitable for administration to humans in order to render the compositions suitable for administration to various animals is well understood, and the ordinarily skilled veterinary pharmacologist can design and/or perform such modification with ordinary experimentation. [0303] Compounds provided herein are typically formulated in dosage unit form for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage. It will be understood, however, that the total daily usage of the compositions described herein will be decided by a physician within the scope of sound medical judgment. The specific therapeutically effective dose level for any particular subject or organism will depend upon a variety of factors including the disease being treated and the severity of the disorder; the activity of the specific active ingredient employed; the specific composition employed; the age, body weight, general health, sex, and diet of the subject; the time of administration, route of administration, and rate of excretion of the specific active ingredient employed; the duration of the treatment; drugs used in combination or coincidental with the specific active ingredient employed; and like factors well known in the medical arts. [0304] The compounds and compositions provided herein can be administered by any route, including enteral (e.g., oral), parenteral, intravenous, intramuscular, intra-arterial, intramedullary, intrathecal, subcutaneous, intraventricular, transdermal, interdermal, rectal, intravaginal, intraperitoneal, topical (as by powders, ointments, creams, and/or drops), mucosal, nasal, bucal, sublingual; by intratracheal instillation, bronchial instillation, and/or inhalation; and/or as an oral spray, nasal spray, and/or aerosol. Specifically contemplated routes are oral administration, intravenous administration (e.g., systemic intravenous injection), regional administration via blood and/or lymph supply, and/or direct administration to an affected site. In general, the most appropriate route of administration will depend upon a variety of factors including the nature of the agent (e.g., its stability in the environment of the gastrointestinal tract), and/or the condition of the subject (e.g., whether the subject is able to tolerate oral administration). In certain embodiments, the compound or pharmaceutical composition described herein is suitable for topical administration to the eye of a subject. [0305] The exact amount of a compound required to achieve an effective amount will vary from subject to subject, depending, for example, on species, age, and general condition of a subject, severity of the side effects or disorder, identity of the particular compound, mode of administration, and the like. An effective amount may be included in a single dose (e.g., single oral dose) or multiple doses (e.g., multiple oral doses). In certain embodiments, when multiple doses are administered to a subject or applied to a tissue or cell, any two doses of the multiple doses include different or substantially the same amounts of a compound described herein. In certain embodiments, when multiple doses are administered to a subject or applied to a tissue or cell, the frequency of administering the multiple doses to the subject or applying the multiple doses to the tissue or cell is three doses a day, two doses a day, one dose a day, one dose every other day, one dose every third day, one dose every week, one dose every two weeks, one dose every three weeks, or one dose every four weeks. In certain embodiments, the frequency of administering the multiple doses to the subject or applying the multiple doses to the tissue or cell is one dose per day. In certain embodiments, the frequency of administering the multiple doses to the subject or applying the multiple doses to the tissue or cell is two doses per day. In certain embodiments, the frequency of administering the multiple doses to the subject or applying the multiple doses to the tissue or cell is three doses per day. In certain embodiments, when multiple doses are administered to a subject or applied to a tissue or cell, the duration between the first dose and last dose of the multiple doses is one day, two days, four days, one week, two weeks, three weeks, one month, two months, three months, four months, six months, nine months, one year, two years, three years, four years, five years, seven years, ten years, fifteen years, twenty years, or the lifetime of the subject, tissue, or cell. In certain embodiments, the duration between the first dose and last dose of the multiple doses is three months, six months, or one year. In certain embodiments, the duration between the first dose and last dose of the multiple doses is the lifetime of the subject, tissue, or cell. [0306] In an embodiment, compound is administered to the subject using a pharmaceutically acceptable formulation, e.g., a pharmaceutically acceptable formulation that provides sustained delivery of the compound to a subject for at least 12 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, 48 hours, one week, two weeks, three weeks, or four weeks after the pharmaceutically acceptable formulation is administered to the subject. [0307] In certain embodiments, a dose (e.g., a single dose, or any dose of multiple doses) described herein includes independently between 0.1 µg and 1 µg, between 0.001 mg and 0.01 mg, between 0.01 mg and 0.1 mg, between 0.1 mg and 1 mg, between 1 mg and 3 mg, between 3 mg and 10 mg, between 10 mg and 30 mg, between 30 mg and 100 mg, between 100 mg and 300 mg, between 300 mg and 1,000 mg, or between 1 g and 10 g, inclusive, of a compound described herein. In certain embodiments, a dose described herein includes independently between 1 mg and 3 mg, inclusive, of a compound described herein. In certain embodiments, a dose described herein includes independently between 3 mg and 10 mg, inclusive, of a compound described herein. In certain embodiments, a dose described herein includes independently between 10 mg and 30 mg, inclusive, of a compound described herein. In certain embodiments, a dose described herein includes independently between 30 mg and 100 mg, inclusive, of a compound described herein. [0308] Dose ranges as described herein provide guidance for the administration of provided pharmaceutical compositions to an adult. The amount to be administered to, for example, a child or an adolescent can be determined by a medical practitioner or person skilled in the art and can be lower or the same as that administered to an adult. Actual dosage levels and time course of administration of the active ingredients in the pharmaceutical compositions of this disclosure may be varied so as to obtain an amount of the active ingredient which is effective to achieve the desired therapeutic response for a particular patient, composition, and mode of administration, without being toxic (or unacceptably toxic) to the patient. [0309] A compound or composition, as described herein, can be administered in combination with one or more additional therapeutic agents (e.g., therapeutically and/or prophylactically active agents). In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition further comprises an additional therapeutic agent. [0310] The compounds or compositions can be administered in combination with additional therapeutic agents that improve their activity (e.g., activity (e.g., potency and/or efficacy) in treating a disease in a subject in need thereof, in preventing a disease in a subject in need thereof, in reducing the risk to develop a disease in a subject in need thereof, and/or in inhibiting the activity of a protein kinase in a subject or cell), improve bioavailability, improve safety, reduce drug resistance, reduce and/or modify metabolism, inhibit excretion, and/or modify distribution in a subject or cell. It will also be appreciated that the therapy employed may achieve a desired effect for the same disorder, and/or it may achieve different effects. [0311] In certain embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition described herein including a compound described herein and an additional therapeutic agent shows a synergistic effect that is absent in a pharmaceutical composition including one of the compound and the additional therapeutic agent, but not both. In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent achieves a desired effect for the same disorder. In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent achieves different effects. [0312] The compound or composition can be administered concurrently with, prior to, or subsequent to one or more additional therapeutic agents, which may be useful as, e.g., combination therapies. [0313] Therapeutic agents include therapeutically active agents. Therapeutic agents also include prophylactically active agents. Therapeutic agents include small organic molecules such as drug compounds (e.g., compounds approved for human or veterinary use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as provided in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)), peptides, proteins, carbohydrates, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, nucleoproteins, mucoproteins, lipoproteins, synthetic polypeptides or proteins, small molecules linked to proteins, glycoproteins, steroids, nucleic acids, DNAs, RNAs, nucleotides, nucleosides, oligonucleotides, antisense oligonucleotides, lipids, hormones, vitamins, and cells. In certain embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is a therapeutic agent useful for treating and/or preventing a disease (e.g., cancer, inflammatory disease, or autoimmune disease). Each additional therapeutic agent may be administered at a dose and/or on a time schedule determined for that therapeutic agent. The additional therapeutic agents may also be administered together with each other and/or with the compound or composition described herein in a single dose or composition or administered separately in different doses or compositions. The particular combination to employ in a regimen will take into account compatibility of the compound described herein with the additional therapeutic agent(s) and/or the desired therapeutic and/or prophylactic effect to be achieved. In general, it is expected that the additional therapeutic agent(s) in combination be utilized at levels that do not exceed the levels at which they are utilized individually. In some embodiments, the levels utilized in combination will be lower than those utilized individually. [0314] The additional therapeutic agents include, but are not limited to, anti-proliferative agents, anti-cancer agents, anti-angiogenesis agents, steroidal or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, immunosuppressants, anti-bacterial agents, anti-viral agents, cardiovascular agents, cholesterol- lowering agents, anti-diabetic agents, anti-allergic agents, contraceptive agents, pain-relieving agents, anesthetics, anti–coagulants, inhibitors of an enzyme, steroidal agents, steroidal or antihistamine, antigens, vaccines, antibodies, decongestant, sedatives, opioids, analgesics, anti– pyretics, hormones, and prostaglandins. In certain embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an anti-proliferative agent. In certain embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an anti- cancer agent. In certain embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an anti-viral agent. In certain embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an binder or inhibitor of a protein kinase. In certain embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of epigenetic or transcriptional modulators (e.g., DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDAC inhibitors), lysine methyltransferase inhibitors), antimitotic drugs (e.g., taxanes and vinca alkaloids), hormone receptor modulators (e.g., estrogen receptor modulators and androgen receptor modulators), cell signaling pathway inhibitors (e.g., tyrosine protein kinase inhibitors), modulators of protein stability (e.g., proteasome inhibitors), Hsp90 inhibitors, glucocorticoids, all-trans retinoic acids, and other agents that promote differentiation. In certain embodiments, the compounds described herein or pharmaceutical compositions can be administered in combination with an anti-cancer therapy including, but not limited to, surgery, radiation therapy, transplantation (e.g., stem cell transplantation, bone marrow transplantation), immunotherapy, and chemotherapy. Additional therapeutic agents include small organic molecules such as drug compounds (e.g., compounds approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as provided in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)), peptides, proteins, carbohydrates, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, nucleoproteins, mucoproteins, lipoproteins, synthetic polypeptides or proteins, small molecules linked to proteins, glycoproteins, steroids, nucleic acids, DNAs, RNAs, nucleotides, nucleosides, oligonucleotides, antisense oligonucleotides, lipids, hormones, vitamins and cells. [0315] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an anti-cancer agent, antifungal agent, cardiovascular agent, anti-inflammatory agent, chemotherapeutic agent, an anti- angiogenesis agent, cytotoxic agent, an antiproliferation agent, metabolic disease agent, ophthalmologic disease agent, central nervous system (CNS) disease agent, urologic disease agent, or gastrointestinal disease agent. In a further embodiment, the additional therapeutic agent is an anti-cancer agent, chemotherapeutic agent, an anti-angiogenesis agent, cytotoxic agent, or an anti-proliferation agent. [0316] Also encompassed by the disclosure are kits (e.g., pharmaceutical packs). [0317] In one aspect, provided herein is a kit comprising an effective amount of a compound provided herein (e.g., a compound of Formula (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), or (F)), or a salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof, and instructions for administering the compound to a subject in need thereof. In another aspect, provided herein is a kit comprising an effective amount of a compound provided herein (e.g., a compound of Formula (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), or (F)), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof, and instructions for administering the compound to a subject in need thereof. [0318] The kits provided may comprise a pharmaceutical composition or compound described herein and a container (e.g., a vial, ampule, bottle, syringe, and/or dispenser package, or other suitable container). In some embodiments, provided kits may optionally further include a second container comprising a pharmaceutical excipient for dilution or suspension of a pharmaceutical composition or compound described herein. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition or compound described herein provided in the first container and the second container are combined to form one unit dosage form. [0319] Thus, in one aspect, provided are kits including a first container comprising a compound or pharmaceutical composition described herein. In certain embodiments, the kits are useful for treating a disease (e.g., cancer, inflammatory disease, or autoimmune disease) in a subject in need thereof. In certain embodiments, the kits are useful for preventing a disease (e.g., cancer, inflammatory disease, or autoimmune disease) in a subject in need thereof. In certain embodiments, the kits are useful for reducing the risk of developing a disease (e.g., cancer, inflammatory disease, or autoimmune disease) in a subject in need thereof. In certain embodiments, the kits are useful for inhibiting the activity (e.g., aberrant activity, such as increased activity) of IL-6 in a subject or cell. [0320] In certain embodiments, a kit described herein further includes instructions for using the kit. A kit described herein may also include information as required by a regulatory agency such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In certain embodiments, the information included in the kits is prescribing information. In certain embodiments, the kits and instructions provide for treating a disease (e.g., cancer, inflammatory disease, or autoimmune disease) in a subject in need thereof. In certain embodiments, the kits and instructions provide for preventing a disease (e.g., cancer, inflammatory disease, or autoimmune disease) in a subject in need thereof. In certain embodiments, the kits and instructions provide for reducing the risk of developing a disease (e.g., cancer, inflammatory disease, or autoimmune disease) in a subject in need thereof. In certain embodiments, the kits and instructions provide for inhibiting the activity (e.g., aberrant activity, such as increased activity) of IL-6 in a subject or cell. A kit described herein may include one or more additional therapeutic agents described herein as a separate composition. Methods [0321] Provided herein are methods of using a compound provided herein (e.g., a compound of Formula (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), or (F)), or a salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof. Also provided herein are methods of using a compound provided herein (e.g., a compound of Formula (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), or (F)), or a salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof. [0322] In one aspect, provided herein is a method of inhibiting IL-6 signaling comprising administering a compound provided herein (e.g., a compound of Formula (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), or (F)), or a salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof. [0323] In another aspect, provided herein is a method of inhibiting IL-6/gp130 comprising administering a compound provided herein (e.g., a compound of Formula (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), or (F)), or a salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof. [0324] In some embodiments, the compound is a dual PARP/IL-6 inhibitor. [0325] In some embodiments, the inhibition of IL-6 is in vitro. In some embodiments, the inhibition of IL-6 is in vivo. In some embodiments, any of the methods provided herein further comprise administering the compound to a subject. In some embodiments, the inhibition of IL-6 is in a subject, cell, tissue, or biological sample. In some embodiments, the inhibition of IL-6 is in a subject. In some embodiments, the inhibition of IL-6 is in a cell. In some embodiments, the inhibition of IL-6 is in a tissue. In some embodiments, the inhibition of IL-6 is in a biological sample. [0326] In another aspect, provided herein is a method of treating inflammatory disease in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject a compound provided herein (e.g., a compound of Formula (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), or (F)), or a salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof. [0327] In some embodiments, the inflammatory disease is fibrosis. In some embodiments, the fibrosis is liver fibrosis. In some embodiments, the inflammatory disease is nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In some embodiments, the method reduces inflammation in the subject. [0328] In another aspect, provided herein is a method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject a compound provided herein (e.g., a compound of Formula (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), or (F)), or a salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof. [0329] In some embodiments, the cancer is breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, bone cancer, or brain cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is breast cancer or pancreatic cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is breast cancer. In some embodiments, the breast cancer is triple negative breast cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is bone cancer or brain cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is bone cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is brain cancer. [0330] In some embodiments, the method modulates proliferative activity in the subject. In some embodiments, the method modulates cell proliferation in the subject. In some embodiments, the compound, or a salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof, preferentially targets cancer cells over non-transformed cells. [0331] In another aspect, provided herein is a method of treating an autoimmune disease in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject a compound provided herein (e.g., a compound of Formula (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), or (F)), or a salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof. [0332] In some embodiments, the autoimmune disease is multiple sclerosis or arthritis. In some embodiments, the autoimmune disease is multiple sclerosis. In some embodiments, the autoimmune disease is arthritis. In some embodiments, the arthritis is rheumatoid arthritis. In some embodiments, the arthritis is giant cell arthritis. [0333] In some embodiments, any of the methods provided herein comprise administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the compound, or a salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof. [0334] In some embodiments, the subject is identified as in need of such treatment. Identifying a subject in need of such treatment can be in the judgment of a subject or a healthcare professional and can be subjective (e.g., opinion) or objective (e.g., measurable by a test or diagnostic method). In some embodiments, the subject has such disease or disorder. In some embodiments, the subject is suffering from or susceptible to such disease or disorder. In some embodiments, the subject has been diagnosed with such disease or disorder. EXAMPLES General Procedure for Western Blot Assays [0335] Cells were harvested and lysed in cold radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) lysis buffer containing proteasome inhibitor cocktail and phosphatase inhibitor cocktail. The protein concentrations were determined using the BCA Protein Assay kit. After adding the loading buffer and boiling at 95 °C for 10 minutes, equivalent amounts of proteins were loaded on and separated by SDS-PAGE, and then were transferred to PVDF membranes. Membranes were probed with primary antibodies (1:1000) against gp130 and GAPDH. Membranes were analyzed using Enhanced Chemiluminescence Plus reagents and either scanned with the Storm Scanner (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Inc., Piscataway, NJ) or imaged with ChemiDoc MP imaging system (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA). Drug Affinity Responsive Target Stability (DARTS) Assay [0336] MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells or MIAPaCa2 pancreatic cancer cells were lysed in cold radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) lysis buffer containing proteasome inhibitor cocktail and phosphatase inhibitor cocktail. Then lysates were incubated with escalating concentrations (10−1000 µM) of LS-28-3 or bazedoxifene at room temperature for 1 h. Proteolysis was followed by adding protease pronase solution at a ratio of 1 mg of pronase to 1000 mg (or 2000 mg) of lysate protein for 20 min at room temperature. To stop proteolysis, 4 × SDS sample loading buffer was added at 1:3 ratio to each sample and boiled at 95 °C for 10 min. The resulted protein samples were separated by 8% SDS−PAGE gel and analyzed by western blotting. [0337] The DARTS assay is a method for studying the specific protein−ligand binding interactions. It is based on the principle that the target protein structure might be stabilized and become less susceptible to proteolysis by proteases upon drug binding [Lomenick B, Jung G, Wohlschlegel J, et al. Target identification using drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS). Curr Protoc Chem Biol 2011, 3, 163−180; Lomenick B, Olsen R, Huang J. Identification of direct protein targets of small molecules. ACS Chem Biol.2011, 6, 34−46]. It can be used to find the targeting protein of a small molecule by running SDS-gel without purifying any specific protein. It can also be used to verify whether a small molecule is targeting a designated protein by western blotting. Recently, this method was successfully used to assess the direct binding of potential inhibitor SC144 to gp130 in human ovarian cells and raloxifene to gp130 in human RH30 sarcoma cells [Li H, Xiao H, Lin L, et al. Drug design targeting protein−protein interactions (PPIs) using multiple ligand simultaneous docking (MLSD) and drug repositioning: discovery of raloxifene and bazedoxifene as novel inhibitors of IL-6/GP130 interface. J Med Chem 2014, 57, 632−641; Xu S, Grande1 F, Garofalo A, et al. Discovery of a novel orally active small-molecule gp130 inhibitor for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2013, 12, 937-949]. [0338] To investigate the binding of LS-28-3 to gp130, DARTS assays were performed using MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lysates or MIAPaCa2 pancreatic cancer cell lysates, following the protocol as previously described. In both MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lysates (FIG.1) or MIAPaCA2 pancreatic cancer cell lysates (FIG.2) using a 1:2000 ratio of pronase:protein with a proteolysis time of 20 minutes, LS-28-3 showed direct binding to gp130, stabilizing its structure and protecting it from pronase proteolysis. Cell Viability Assay [0339] Cell viability of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells was evaluated by using the MTT assay in triple replicates in one experiment and repeated for three times (FIG.3). MDA-MB-231 SUM159, SUM159 gp140ko, MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells or SUM149 or HCC1937 BRCA mutant breast cancer cells were seeded in 96-well plates at a density of 3,000 cells per well. The cells were incubated at 37 °C for a period of 24 hours. Escalating concentrations of IL- 6/gp130 inhibitors (e.g., compounds of Formula (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), or (F) including LLM- 418, bazedoxifene, LS-28-3, and COMP-D (LS-101-D)) were added in triplicate to the plates in the presence of 10% FBS. After incubation for 72 hours (unless otherwise noted), a stock solution of MTT (0.5 mg/ml) was then added to each well containing the treated cells, followed by incubation at 37 °C for 3 h. After removal of medium, the MTT dye was dissolved with spectrophotometric grade DMSO and the absorbance was read at 570 nm. The IC 50 value is determined by interpolation based on the absorbance value halfway between positive and negative controls. [0340] Cell viability of AML-12 hepatocyte cells was evaluated by using the MTT assay in triple replicates in one experiment and repeated for three times (FIG.4). AML-12 hepatocyte cells were seeded in 96-well plates at a density of 3,000 cells per well. The cells were incubated at 37 °C for a period of 24 hours. Escalating concentrations of IL-6/gp130 inhibitors (e.g., compounds of Formula (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), or (F) including LLM-418, bazedoxifene, and LS-28-3) were added in triplicate to the plates in the presence of 10% FBS. After incubation for 96 hours, a stock solution of MTT (0.5 mg/ml) was then added to each well containing the treated cells, followed by incubation at 37 °C for 3 h. After removal of medium, the MTT dye was dissolved with spectrophotometric grade DMSO and the absorbance was read at 570 nm. The IC 50 value is determined by interpolation based on the absorbance value halfway between positive and negative controls. Viable cell numbers (viable cells mL -1 ) were determined by measuring the absorbance at 450 nm in a microplate reader.
MTT Results
Table 1. IC 50 Values in Breast Cancer Cell Lines (μM) Table 2. MTT IC 50 Values in BRCA Mutant Breast Cancer Cell Lines Table 3. MTT IC50 Values in Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Selectivity Study [0341] Inhibition of downstream STAT3 phosphorylation was performed. T47D breast cancer cells, which lack endogenous IL-6, were treated with LLM418-MCBu for 2 hours. Then, cytokine was administered for 30 minutes (IL-6, INF, LIF, or OSM). Western blot conducted afterwards to assess dose-dependent inhibition of IL-6 signaling (or lack thereof) (FIG.5). As anticipated, LLM418-MCBu inhibited IL-6 selectively in a dose-dependent manner. Discussion [0342] IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by a wide variety of cells in the body and is involved in the regulation of many different cellular processes 1,2 . Due to this, it has a significant role in the progression of several disease states, including autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, and cancer 1,2 . Its involvement in these disease states makes it an attractive target. [0343] However, the only currently available drugs are engineered proteins or monoclonal antibodies 3 , indicating a potential demand for a small molecule alternative. Towards this effort, the natural product Madindoline A (MDL-A) was discovered to be a selective IL-6 inhibitor in 1999 5 . However, later studies indicated that despite its great selectivity, MDL-A had poor activity and a low-yield total synthesis, making analogue development relatively undesirable 3,6 . [0344] MDL-A was determined to bind to the extracellular domain of glycoprotein 130 (gp130) with a K D of 288 μM 6 . Of the different cytokines that bind to gp130, only IL-6 and IL-11 require two gp130 units and the formation of a hexameric structure for signaling, which is the driving force behind the selectivity of MDL-A 3,9 . In order to conduct a structure-based drug design approach to developing small molecules with identical selectivity and superior activity, the precise binding mode of MDL-A to gp130 had to be determined. Through the use of docking and molecular dynamics simulations, the binding mode of MDL-A was identified 9 . Three “hot spots” were identified as playing a significant role in the binding of MDL-A to gp130 9 . These include a hydrophobic pocket, which is seen interacting with the aliphatic chain of MDL-A, tyrosine 94, which engages in pi-pi interactions, and asparagine 92, which engages in hydrogen bonding 9 . By maximizing interactions between these hot spots, more effective IL-6 inhibitors can be developed. [0345] Based on the identification of MDL-A as a selective IL-6/gp130 protein-protein interaction inhibitor, a thorough structure-based drug design study has been conducted. With the culmination of several generations of IL-6 signaling inhibitors as well as drug repositioning efforts, a current generation of selective inhibitors has been developed, with lead compounds possessing single-digit micromolar activity. Additionally, the groundwork has been laid for the design and synthetic approach towards future generations, both with a basis on LLM4/LLM418 as well as on indole alkaloid natural products. Synthesis [0346] Synthesis of the compounds herein can be performed using standard chemical synthesis methods and reagents, including as delineated in the figures herein and those described in Thomas Sorrell, Organic Chemistry, University Science Books, Sausalito, 1999; Michael B. Smith, March’s Advanced Organic Chemistry, 7th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 2013; Richard C. Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 2018; and Carruthers, Some Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis, 3rd Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1987, all incorporated by reference. Example 1: (S)-N-(3-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenyl)-4-(4-isopropyl-2-oxooxazol idin-3-yl)benzamide (LS-28-3). [0347] Tert-butyl 3-(3-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxylate: To a 250 mL round-bottom flask was added 3-(3-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrazole (1.089 g, 5.754 mmol, 1.0 eq), which was then dissolved in 60 mL anhydrous acetonitrile. Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (1.639 g, 7.512 mmol, 1.3 eq) was then added, followed by triethylamine (1.60 mL, 11.48 mmol, 2.0 eq). The solution was then allowed to stir at room temperature for 44 hours. Upon completion, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to afford the desired product as a light-yellow solid (1.653 g, 5.714 mmol, 99%). 1 H NMR: (600 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 8.70 (t, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.31 – 8.27 (m, 1H), 8.23 (ddd, J = 8.2, 2.3, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 8.16 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.61 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.79 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H), 1.69 (s, 9H). 13 C NMR: (151 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 153.2, 148.8, 147.5, 134.0, 132.6, 132.3, 129.8, 123.7, 121.5, 106.4, 86.2, 28.1. [0348] Tert-butyl 3-(3-aminophenyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxylate: To a 100 mL round-bottom flask was added tert-butyl 3-(3-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxylate (503.0 mg, 1.739 mmol, 1.0 eq) and palladium on charcoal (10 wt. %, 56.3 mg, 0.053 mmol Pd, 0.030 eq). Ethyl acetate (45 mL) was added to the flask, and the headspace was evacuated and filled three times with hydrogen. The mixture was then stirred at room temperature under a hydrogen atmosphere for 96 hours, after which the mixture was filtered over celite and evaporated. The crude material was then purified via automated flash column chromatography using a gradient of 0 – 20% ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford the desired product as a viscous yellow oil (332.9 mg, 1.151 mmol, 66%). 1 H NMR: (600 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 8.08 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (t, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (dt, J = 7.7, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.70 (ddd, J = 7.8, 2.4, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 6.67 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H), 3.78 (s, 2H), 1.67 (s, 9H). 13 C NMR: (151 MHz, DMSO) δ 155.1, 149.0, 147.1, 132.5, 132.1, 129.2, 114.7, 114.0, 110.9, 106.6, 84.7, 27.5. [0349] (S)-4-(4-isopropyl-2-oxooxazolidin-3-yl)benzoic acid: To a 20 mL microwave vial was added 4-bromobenzoic acid (561.8 mg, 2.795 mmol, 1.20 eq), (S)-4-isopropyl-2-oxazolidinone (301.4 mg, 2.334 mmol, 1.0 eq), potassium carbonate (1.287 g, 9.309 mmol, 4.0 eq), and copper(I) iodide (288.5 mg, 1.515 mmol, 0.65 eq). Anhydrous N,N-dimethyl formamide (10 mL) was then added, and the mixture was stirred. To the mixture was then added N,N’- dimethylethylenediamine (0.33 mL, 3.066 mmol, 1.3 eq). The microwave vial was sealed and the mixture was heated via microwave at 200°C for 30 minutes. The mixture was then diluted with 50 mL H 2 O and acidified to pH ~1 with concentrated HCl. The aqueous mixture was then extracted with 3x100 mL portions of DCM. The organic layers were combined, dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 , and rotovaped. The crude material was then purified via automated flash column chromatography using a gradient of 5-55% EtOAc in hexanes with a constant 1% AcOH additive to afford the desired product as a pale yellow solid (203.9 mg, 0.818 mmol, 35%). 1 H NMR: (600 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 8.15 – 8.11 (m, 2H), 7.67 – 7.62 (m, 2H), 4.51 (dt, J = 8.9, 3.9 Hz, 1H), 4.44 (t, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.29 (dd, J = 8.8, 4.1 Hz, 1H), 2.29 – 2.18 (m, 1H), 0.96 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 3H), 0.85 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 3H). 13 C NMR: (151 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 169.6, 155.3, 141.8, 131.4, 124.9, 120.3, 62.4, 59.9, 27.5, 17.8, 14.1.
[0350] (S)-N-(3-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenyl)-4-(4-isopropyl-2-oxooxazol idin-3-yl)benzamide: To a vial was added (S)-4-(4-isopropyl-2-oxooxazolidin-3-yl)benzoic acid (76.0 mg, 0.305 mmol, 1.03 eq), which was then dissolved in 4 mL DCM. The solution was cooled to 0°C, and N-methyl imidazole (0.06 mL, 0.753 mmol, 2.5 eq) was added. The solution was stirred at 0°C for 10 minutes. Then, a solution of methanesulfonyl chloride (0.025 mL, 0.323 mmol, 1.1 eq) in 0.5 mL DCM was added. The solution was stirred at 0°C for 30 minutes. A solution of Tert-butyl 3-(3-aminophenyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxylate (77.1 mg, 0.297 mmol, 1.0 eq) in 1.5 mL DCM was added. The solution was stirred overnight and allowed to gradually warm to room temperature. After 24 hours, the reaction was quenched with 20 mL ice-cold H 2 O and extracted with 2x30 mL portions of DCM. The organic layers were combined, filtered over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 , and concentrated. The crude material was then dry loaded onto silica gel and allowed to react over a period of days at room temperature. The crude deprotected product was suspended in DCM/Acetone and separated from silica gel via vacuum filtration. The filtrate was then purified via prep TLC using 1:1 Hex:EtOAc to afford the desired product as a pale yellow solid (30.8 mg, 0.0789 mmol, 27%). 1 H NMR: (600 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 8.07 – 8.02 (m, 1H), 7.96 – 7.89 (m, 3H), 7.75 – 7.69 (m, 1H), 7.67 – 7.61 (m, 3H), 7.55 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.67 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 4.51 (dt, J = 8.9, 3.9 Hz, 1H), 4.46 (t, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.30 (dd, J = 8.7, 4.2 Hz, 1H), 2.26 – 2.19 (m, 1H), 0.96 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H), 0.86 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 3H).
Example 2: (S)-N-(2-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenyl)-4-(4-isopropyl-2-oxooxazol idin-3-yl)benzamide (LS-28-2). [0351] Tert-butyl (S)-3-(2-(4-(4-isopropyl-2-oxooxazolidin-3-yl)benzamido)phen yl)-1H- pyrazole-1-carboxylate: To a vial was added (S)-4-(4-isopropyl-2-oxooxazolidin-3-yl)benzoic acid (75.2 mg, 0.302 mmol, 1.0 eq), which was then dissolved in 4 mL DCM. The solution was then cooled to 0°C in an ice bath, and N-methyl imidazole (0.06 mL, 0.753 mmol, 2.5 eq) was added. The solution was stirred for 10 minutes, after which a solution of methanesulfonyl chloride (0.025 mL, 0.323 mmol, 1.1 eq) in 0.5 mL DCM was added dropwise. The solution was then stirred for 30 minutes at 0°C. Then, a solution of tert-butyl 3-(2-aminophenyl)-1H-pyrazole- 1-carboxylate (78.4 mg, 0.302 mmol, 1.0 eq) in 1 mL DCM was added. The solution was removed from the ice bath and allowed to slowly warm to room temperature as it stirred for 24 hours. After completion of the reaction, it was quenched with 20 mL ice cold H 2 O and extracted with 2x30 mL portions of DCM. The organic layers were combined, dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was then purified via automated flash column chromatography using a gradient of 5-60% EtOAc in hexanes to afford the desired product as a pale orange solid (71.3 mg, 0.145 mmol, 48%). 1 H NMR: (600 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 12.22 (s, 1H), 8.95 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.46 – 8.36 (m, 2H), 8.11 (d, J = 2.9 Hz, 1H), 7.72 – 7.64 (m, 3H), 7.45 (ddd, J = 8.6, 7.2, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (td, J = 7.6, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (d, J = 2.9 Hz, 1H), 4.52 (dd, J = 8.5, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 4.44 (t, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.29 (dd, J = 8.8, 4.3 Hz, 1H), 2.31 – 2.23 (m, 1H), 1.68 (s, 9H), 0.95 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 3H), 0.86 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 3H). 13 C NMR: (151 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 165.0, 155.5, 155.2, 146.8, 139.9, 137.5, 131.5, 130.9, 130.1, 129.3, 128.4, 123.1, 121.1, 120.8, 118.7, 107.5, 86.0, 62.4, 60.1, 28.0, 27.4, 17.8, 14.1. [0352] (S)-N-(2-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenyl)-4-(4-isopropyl-2-oxooxazol idin-3-yl)benzamide: To a vial containing Tert-butyl (S)-3-(2-(4-(4-isopropyl-2-oxooxazolidin-3- yl)benzamido)phenyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxylate (176.1 mg, 0.359 mmol) was added 10 mL methanol. The mixture was then stirred and heated to 75°C, after which 0.72 mL of a 4 M K 2 CO 3 solution was added. The mixture was then stirred at 75°C for 45 minutes. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and was then quenched with 10 mL saturated aqueous NH 4 Cl, diluted with 25 mL H 2 O, and extracted with 3x40 mL portions of DCM. The organic layers were combined, dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was then purified via automated flash column chromatography using a gradient of to afford the desired product as an off-white solid (71.8 mg, 0.184 mmol, 51%). 1 H NMR: (600 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 12.18 (s, 1H), 10.38 (s, 1H), 8.86 (dd, J = 8.4, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.17 – 8.10 (m, 2H), 7.72 (dd, J = 7.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.67 – 7.61 (m, 2H), 7.39 (ddd, J = 8.5, 7.3, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (td, J = 7.6, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 6.77 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H), 4.52 (dt, J = 8.9, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 4.46 (t, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.30 (dd, J = 8.7, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 2.27 – 2.19 (m, 1H), 0.95 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H), 0.86 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 3H). Example 3: 4-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy)-N-(2-(1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-tr ihydroxytetrahydro- 2H-pyran-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)phenyl)benzamide • acetic acid (LS-TX-2). Example 4: 4-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy)-N-(3-(1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-tr ihydroxytetrahydro- 2H-pyran-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)phenyl)benzamide • acetic acid (LS-TX-3). Example 5: 4-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy)-N-(4-(1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-tr ihydroxytetrahydro- 2H-pyran-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)phenyl)benzamide • acetic acid (LS-TX-4). Example 6: N-(2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-4-yl)-4-(2-(piperid in-1- yl)ethoxy)benzamide (LS-101-D). [0353] 4-nitro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-one: To a vial was added 3-nitro-1,2- phenylenediamine (201.1 mg, 1.314 mmol, 1.0 eq), which was then dissolved in 5 mL anhydrous MeCN. The solution was cooled to 0°C, and triethylamine (0.37 mL, 2.655 mmol, 2.0 eq) was added. To the stirring solution was then added a solution of triphosgene (365.3 mg, 1.231 mmol, 0.94 eq) in anhydrous MeCN (3 mL) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred overnight and allowed to slowly warm to room temperature. After 24 hours, the reaction mixture was filtered and the solid was washed with water. The crude product was then purified via automated flash column chromatography using a gradient of 0-8% MeOH in DCM to afford the desired product as a yellow solid (100.5 mg, 0.561 mmol, 43%). 1 H NMR: (600 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 11.55 (s, 1H), 11.36 (s, 1H), 7.75 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (t, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H). 13 C NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 155.1, 132.4, 130.1, 125.9, 120.4, 115.3, 114.3. [0354] 4-amino-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-one: To a vial was added 4-amino-1,3- dihydro-2H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-one (84.0 mg, 0.469 mmol, 1.0 eq), which was suspended in 10 mL MeOH and 2 mL AcOH. The mixture was stirred and palladium on charcoal (10 wt. %, 23.9 mg, 0.0225 mmol Pd, 0.05 eq) was added. The vial headspace was then evacuated and filled 3x with H 2 , and the mixture was stirred at room temperature under an H 2 atmosphere overnight. After 25.25 hours, the mixture was filtered over celite and concentrated. The crude material was then dry loaded onto silica gel and purified via automated flash column chromatography using a gradient of 0-8% MeOH in DCM to afford the desired product as a red-brown solid (43.4 mg, 0.291 mmol, 62%). 1 H NMR: (600 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 10.32 (s, 1H), 9.97 (s, 1H), 6.65 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.25 (dd, J = 8.0, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 6.21 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.84 (s, 2H). 13 C NMR: (151 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 154.8, 131.4, 130.0, 121.3, 116.0, 106.8, 97.9. [0355] N-(2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-4-yl)-4-(2-(piperid in-1- yl)ethoxy)benzamide: To an oven-dried 50 mL round bottom flask was added 4-amino-1,3- dihydro-2H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-one (201.4 mg, 1.350 mmol, 1.0 eq), which was dissolved in 7 mL anhydrous DMF. Triethylamine (0.56 mL, 4.018 mmol, 3.0 eq) was added. The solution was cooled to 0°C and the flask headspace was evacuated and filled with N2 three times. To the solution was then added a freshly prepared solution of 4-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy)benzoyl chloride (430.8 mg, 1.609 mmol, 1.2 eq) in 4 mL DCM. The solution was then stirred under N2 overnight and allowed to slowly warm to room temperature. After 17.5 hours, the reaction was quenched with 22 mL saturated aqueous K 2 CO 3 and extracted with 110 mL DCM. The organic layer was separated and concentrated. The crude material was purified via automated flash column chromatography using a gradient of 99:0:1 to 89:10:1 EtOAc:MeOH:TEA to afford the desired product as an off-white solid (285.0 mg, 0.749 mmol, 55%). 1 H NMR: (600 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 10.65 (s, 1H), 10.36 (s, 1H), 9.74 (s, 1H), 7.96 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.17 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 6.92 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.77 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.23 – 4.10 (m, 2H), 2.74 – 2.61 (m, 2H), 2.48 – 2.39 (m, 4H), 1.59 – 1.44 (m, 4H), 1.44 – 1.34 (m, 2H). 13 C NMR: (151 MHz, DMSO) δ 164.7, 161.1, 154.8, 130.5, 129.8, 126.7, 123.2, 120.9, 120.2, 116.0, 114.0, 105.4, 65.7, 57.1, 54.3, 25.4, 23.7. Example 7: N-(2-(1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenyl)-4-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy)be nzamide (LLM418).
Example 8: 5-(4-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy)phenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-c]quinazo line (LLM418-SC). [0356] 3-(2-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrazole: To an oven-dried 250 mL round-bottom flask was added trans-2-nitrocinnamaldehyde (5.004 g, 28.25 mmol, 1.0 eq), para-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide (6.308 g, 33.87 mmol, 1.2 eq), and iodine (173.9 mg, 0.685 mmol, 0.024 eq).150 mL ethanol was added, and the mixture was refluxed for 10 minutes, after which potassium carbonate (5.861 g, 42.40 mmol, 1.5 eq) was added. The mixture was then refluxed for a further 5 hours and 50 minutes, after which the mixture was filtered and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude material was then purified via automated flash column chromatography using a gradient of 0-9% ethyl acetate in dichloromethane and was then recrystallized from chloroform to afford the desired product as a brown solid (3.213 g, 16.98 mmol, 60%). 1 H NMR: (600 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 10.48 (s, 1H), 7.74 – 7.72 (m, 2H), 7.64 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.62 – 7.59 (m, 1H), 7.49 – 7.46 (m, 1H), 6.51 (d, J = 2.3 Hz). 13 C NMR: (151 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 149.2, 131.9, 130.9, 128.7, 123.7, 105.0. [0357] Tert-butyl 3-(2-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxylate: To a round-bottom flask was added 5-(2-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrazole (3.002 g, 15.87 mmol, 1.0 eq), triethylamine (4.5 mL, 32.28 mmol, 2.0 eq), di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (4.511 g, 20.67 mmol, 1.3 eq), and 58 mL anhydrous acetonitrile. The solution was then stirred at room temperature for 96 hours, after which the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude material was then dry loaded onto silica gel and purified via automated flash column chromatography using a gradient of 0 – 35% ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford the desired product as a red solid (4.149 g, 14.34 mmol, 90%). 1 H NMR: (600 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 8.10 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (dd, J = 8.1, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (dd, J = 7.7, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (ddd, J = 7.6, 7.6, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (ddd, J = 8.1, 7.5, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 6.47 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1H), 1.66 (s, 9H). 13 C NMR: (150 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 151.7, 149.2, 147.4, 132.5, 131.8, 131.7, 129.7, 127.3, 124.1, 108.6, 85.9, 28.1. HRMS (ESI): calc. for C 14 H 15 N 3 O 4 [M+Na] + : 312.0960, found: 312.0962; [2M+Na] + : 601.2023, found: 601.2042. [0358] Tert-butyl 3-(2-aminophenyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxylate: Tert-butyl 3-(2- nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxylate (4.080 g, 14.10 mmol, 1.0 eq) was dissolved in 100 mL methanol and added to a round-bottom flask. A suspension of palladium over carbon (10 wt. %, 452.0 mg, 0.42 mmol Pd, 0.030 eq) in 20 mL methanol was then added to the flask. While stirring, the flask atmosphere was evacuated and filled with hydrogen three times, after which the mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature under hydrogen for 5.4 hours. Upon completion, the mixture was filtered over celite and rotovaped to afford the desired product as a pale red solid (3.359 g, 12.29 mmol, 92%). 1 H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 8.08 (d, J = 2.9 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (dd, J = 7.8, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (ddd, J = 8.5, 7.3, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 6.77 – 6.72 (m, 3H), 5.74 (s, 2H), 1.66 (s, 9H). 13 C NMR: (151 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 156.1, 147.7, 146.0, 130.8, 129.8, 128.7, 116.9, 116.6, 114.3, 107.0, 85.1, 28.1. LRMS (ESI): 290 [M+H] + . [0359] Methyl 4-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy)benzoate: To a round-bottom flask containing 145 mL tetrahydrofuran was added methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate (2.001 g, 13.15 mmol, 1.0 eq), triphenylphosphine (3.142 g, 11.98 mmol, 0.91 eq), and 1-(2-hydroxyethyl) piperidine (1.59 mL, 11.97 mmol, 0.91 eq). The solution was then stirred at room temperature while diethylazodicarboxylate (DEAD, 40 wt. % in toluene) (5.21 mL, 11.44 mmol, 0.87 eq) was added dropwise. After 1.5 hours, additional triphenylphosphine (3.145 g, 11.99 mmol, 0.91 eq) and 1-(2-hydroxyethyl) piperidine (1.59 mL, 11.97 mmol, 0.91 eq) were added to the reaction solution, followed by dropwise addition of DEAD (5.21 mL, 11.44 mmol, 0.87 eq). The reaction was then allowed to continue for 7.7 days, after which the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to afford a crude gel. The crude material was then suspended in a 150 mL solution of 2:1 EtOAc:Hexanes and vacuum filtered. The filtrate was then rotovaped to afford a crude yellow oil. The crude oil was then dry loaded onto silica gel and purified via automated flash column chromatography using a gradient of 2 – 15% ethyl acetate in hexanes with a constant 2% triethylamine additive to afford the desired product as a clear oil (1.829 g, 6.95 mmol, 53%). 1 H NMR: (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.90 – 7.88 (m, 2H), 7.05 – 7.03 (m, 2H), 4.13 (t, J = 5.9, 2H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 2.65 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 2H), 2.46 – 2.36 (m, 4H), 1.48 (p, J = 5.6 Hz, 4H), 1.40 – 1.32 (m, 2H). 13 C NMR: (151 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 165.9, 162.4, 131.2, 121.7, 114.5, 66.0, 57.2, 54.4, 51.8, 25.6, 23.9. LRMS (ESI): 265 [M+H] + . [0360] Sodium 4-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy)benzoate: Methyl 4-(2-(piperidin-1- yl)ethoxy)benzoate (1.734 g, 6.59 mmol, 1.0 eq) was added to a flask and dissolved in 15 mL ethanol. Then, 15 mL 0.9 M aqueous NaOH solution (13.5 mmol, 2.0 eq) was added. The solution was then stirred at room temperature for 43 hours. Upon completion, the solvent was removed via rotovap, and the salt was dried overnight under vacuum while heating to 60°C. This afforded the desired product as a white solid (2.014 g, quantitative yield). 1 H NMR: (600 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.81 – 7.79 (m, 2H), 6.80 – 6.78 (m, 2H), 4.04 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 2H), 2.63 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 2H), 2.46 – 2.38 (m, 4H), 1.49 (p, J = 5.6 Hz 4H), 1.40 – 1.33 (m, 2H). 13 C NMR: (150 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 169.9, 159.1, 133.0, 130.6, 112.7, 65.5, 57.5, 54.4, 25.6, 24.0. LRMS (ESI): 250 [M+H] + , 248 [M-H]- . [0361] 4-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy)benzoyl chloride: Sodium 4-(2-(piperidin-1- yl)ethoxy)benzoate (504.7 mg, 1.86 mmol) was dissolved in 10 mL H 2 O, and the solution was then acidified to pH 1 by addition of concentrated HCl. The acidic solution was then cooled in an ice bath. The crystallized solid was then dried under vacuum overnight while heating to 60°C. This afforded a 4-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy)benzoic acid hydrochloride as a white solid in quantitative yield. The hydrogen chloride salt was then suspended in 10 mL thionyl chloride, with 4 drops anhydrous DMF added to the mixture. The mixture was then refluxed at 80°C for 2 hours, after which the volatiles were removed via rotovap to afford the desired product as a pale yellow solid. The crude product was taken directly to the next step without purification. [0362] Tert-butyl 3-(2-(4-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy)benzamido)phenyl)-1H-pyraz ole-1- carboxylate: To an oven-dried vial was added tert-butyl 3-(2-aminophenyl)-1H-pyrazole-1- carboxylate (351.5 mg, 1.356 mmol, 1.0 eq), which was dissolved in 6 mL DCM. The solution was cooled to 0°C, and triethylamine (0.47 mL, 3.372 mmol, 2.5 eq) was added. To the stirring solution was then added a freshly prepared solution of 4-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy)benzoyl chloride (722.9 mg, 2.700 mmol, 2.0 eq) in 6 mL DCM. The solution was stirred overnight and allowed to slowly warm to room temperature. After 73 hours, the reaction was quenched with 15 mL saturated aqueous K 2 CO 3 and extracted with 60 mL DCM. The organic layer was separated and concentrated. The crude material was then purified via automated flash column chromatography using a gradient of 85:13:2 to 45:53:2 Hex:EtOAc:TEA to afford the desired product as an off-white solid (602.1 mg, 1.227 mmol, 90%). 1 H NMR: (600 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 12.10 (s, 1H), 8.96 (dd, J = 8.4, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.34 – 8.32 (m, 2H), 8.10 (d, J = 2.9 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (dd, J = 7.9, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (ddd, J = 8.6, 7.3, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (td, J = 7.6, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.05 – 7.02 (m, 2H), 6.82 (d, J = 2.9 Hz, 1H), 4.20 (t, J = 6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.81 (t, J = 6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.60 – 2.46 (m, 4H), 1.69 (s, 9H), 1.62 (p, J = 5.7 Hz, 4H), 1.50 – 1.42 (m, 2H). 13 C NMR: (151 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 165.4, 161.7, 155.3, 146.7, 137.7, 131.4, 130.1, 130.0, 128.3, 127.2, 122.8, 121.1, 118.5, 114.5, 107.4, 85.7, 66.1, 57.9, 55.1, 28.0, 26.0, 24.2. [0363] N-(2-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenyl)-4-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy)be nzamide (LLM418): To a vial containing tert-butyl 3-(2-(4-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy)benzamido)phenyl)-1H-pyraz ole-1- carboxylate (347.2 mg, 0.708 mmol, 1.0 eq) was added 10 mL methanol. The solution was stirred, and 1.42 mL 4 M K 2 CO 3 (5.68 mmol, 8.0 eq) was added dropwise. The solution was then heated to 60°C. After 3 hours, the reaction was quenched with 15 mL saturated NH 4 Cl. The mixture was diluted with 50 mL H 2 O, and the organics were extracted with 3x300 mL portions of DCM. The organic layers were then combined, dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and rotovaped. The compound was dry loaded onto silica gel and purified via automated flash column chromatography using a gradient of 50 – 100 % EtOAc in hexanes, followed by 0 – 10% methanol in EtOAc, with a constant 2% triethylamine additive. The relevant fractions were combined and rotovaped to afford a yellow crystalline solid (197.5 mg, 0.506 mmol, 71%). 1 H NMR: (600 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 13.40 (s, 1H), 12.47 (s, 1H), 8.72 – 8.70 (m, 1H), 8.05 – 8.02 (m, 2H), 7.98 – 7.97 (m, 1H), 7.87 (m, 1H), 7.35 – 7.32 (m, 1H), 7.17 – 7.15 (m, 1H), 7.11 – 7.08 (m, 2H), 6.94 – 6.93 (m, 1H), 4.17 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 2H), 2.70 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 2H), 2.48 – 2.41 (m, 4H), 1.51 (p, J = 5.6 Hz, 4H), 1.41 – 1.35 (m, 2H). 13 C NMR: (150 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 164.3, 161.3, 150.2, 136.3, 130.1, 129.2, 128.0, 127.8, 127.1, 123.1, 120.4, 120.0, 114.6, 103.4, 65.9, 57.2, 54.4, 25.6, 23.9. LRMS (ESI): 391 [M+H]. [0364] 5-(4-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy)phenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-c]quinazo line (LLM418-SC): Tert-butyl 3-(2-(4-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy)benzamido)phenyl)-1H-pyraz ole-1-carboxylate (148.6 mg, 0.30 mmol, 1.0 eq) was added to a vial and dissolved in 5 mL methanol. To the solution was added 5 mL 1M HCl in EtOAc (5.0 mmol, 16.7 eq). The solution was then stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hours, after which the solution was heated to 50°C overnight. Upon completion, the reaction was quenched with 10 mL saturated aqueous NaHCO 3 and extracted with 3x100 mL portions of DCM. The organic layers were then combined and rotovaped. The crude product was then dry loaded onto silica gel and twice purified via automated flash column chromatography using an EtOAc/Hexanes solvent system with 2% triethylamine. The relevant fractions were combined and the solvents were removed under reduced pressure to afford LLM418-SC as a viscous white oil (58.5 mg, 0.157 mmol, 52%). 1 H NMR (600 MHz, acetone- d 6 ) δ 8.65 – 8.62 (m, 2H), 8.26 (dd, J = 8.0, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 8.19 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.98 – 7.95 (m, 1H), 7.72 (ddd, J = 8.4, 7.1, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.64 (ddd, J = 8.2, 7.1, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.16 – 7.14 (m, 2H), 4.25 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.77 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.56 – 2.47 (m, 4H), 1.57 (p, J = 5.6 Hz, 4H), 1.46 – 1.39 (m, 2H). 13 C NMR: (150 MHz, acetone-d6) δ 162.3, 147.5, 143.9, 141.5, 140.7, 133.4, 130.6, 129.2, 128.3, 125.9, 124.1, 120.4, 114.6, 99.2, 67.3, 58.6, 55.8, 26.9, 25.1. LRMS (ESI): 373 [M+H] + .
Example 9: LLM418-Et, LLM418-Pr, LLM418-iPr, LLM418-MCBu, LLM418-CBu, LLM418-CPr, LLM418-MCF3, and LLM418-MOx. [0365] N-(2-(1-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenyl)-4-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)e thoxy)benzamide: To a vial was added LLM418 (35.0 mg, 0.0896 mmol, 1.0 eq) and K 2 CO 3 (37.9 mg, 0.274 mmol, 3.1 eq). Anhydrous DMF (3 mL) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. To the mixture was then added slowly 0.5 mL of a freshly prepared solution of 0.2 M bromoethane in anhydrous DMF (0.10 mmol, 1.1 eq). The mixture was then stirred at room temperature overnight. After approximately 48 hours, the reaction mixture was diluted with 10 mL DCM and washed with 10 mL brine. The organic layer was separated and concentrated. The crude material was then purified via prep TLC using a solvent system of 1:1:0.04 Hex:EtOAc:TEA to afford the desired product as a pale brown solid (26.4 mg, 0.0631 mmol, 70%). 1 H NMR: (600 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 12.15 (s, 1H), 8.86 (dd, J = 8.4, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.11 – 8.07 (m, 2H), 7.67 (dd, J = 7.8, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (ddd, J = 8.6, 7.3, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (td, J = 7.5, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.01 – 6.97 (m, 2H), 6.65 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 4.27 (q, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 4.19 (t, J = 6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.81 (t, J = 6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.59 – 2.46 (m, 4H), 1.63 (quint, J = 5.7 Hz, 4H), 1.56 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.51 – 1.42 (m, 2H). 13 C NMR (151 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 165.5, 161.5, 151.2, 136.8, 129.5, 129.4, 128.5, 128.5, 127.4, 123.0, 120.6, 120.3, 114.2, 104.0, 66.1, 57.8, 55.1, 47.2, 25.9, 24.2, 15.6. [0366] N-(2-(1-propyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenyl)-4-(2-(piperidin-1-yl) ethoxy)benzamide: To a vial was added LLM418 (40.1 mg, 0.103 mmol, 1.0 eq) and K 2 CO 3 (44.3 mg, 0.321 mmol, 3.1 eq). Anhydrous DMF (3 mL) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. To the mixture was then added dropwise 0.57 mL of a freshly prepared solution of 0.2 M 1-bromopropane (0.114 mmol, 1.1 eq) in anhydrous DMF. The mixture was then stirred at room temperature overnight. After 4.8 days, the reaction mixture was diluted with 15 mL DCM and washed with 15 mL brine. The organic layer was then separated and concentrated. The crude material was then purified via automated flash column chromatography using a gradient of 48:50:0:2 to 0:98:0:2 to 0:93:5:2 Hex:EtOAc:MeOH:TEA to afford the desired product as a light red solid (31.3 mg, 0.0724 mmol, 70%). 1 H NMR: (600 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 12.18 (s, 1H), 8.87 (dd, J = 8.4, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.11 – 8.06 (m, 2H), 7.67 (dd, J = 7.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (ddd, J = 8.6, 7.2, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (td, J = 7.5, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.00 – 6.96 (m, 2H), 6.65 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 4.22 – 4.13 (m, 4H), 2.81 (t, J = 6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.58 – 2.47 (m, 4H), 1.95 (sextet, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.63 (quint, J = 5.6 Hz, 4H), 1.50 – 1.42 (m, 2H), 0.95 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H). 13 C NMR: (151 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 165.5, 161.5, 151.3, 136.8, 130.3, 129.4, 128.5, 128.5, 127.4, 123.0, 120.7, 120.2, 114.2, 103.9, 66.2, 57.8, 55.1, 54.2, 25.9, 24.2, 23.8, 11.2. [0367] N-(2-(1-isopropyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenyl)-4-(2-(piperidin-1- yl)ethoxy)benzamide: To an oven-dried vial was added LLM418 (40.4 mg, 0.103 mmol, 1.0 eq) and K 2 CO 3 (43.4 mg, 0.314 mmol, 3.0 eq). Anhydrous DMF (2.5 mL) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. To the mixture was then added slowly 0.58 mL of a freshly prepared solution of 0.2 M 2-bromopropane (0.116 mmol, 1.1 eq) in anhydrous DMF. The mixture was then stirred at room temperature overnight. After 3.8 days, the reaction mixture was diluted with 10 mL DCM and washed with 10 mL brine. The organic layer was then separated and concentrated. The crude material was then purified via prep TLC using a solvent system of 66:31:3 Hex:EtOAc:TEA to afford the desired product as an off-white residue (13.3 mg, 0.0307 mmol, 30%). 1 H NMR: (600 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 12.10 (s, 1H), 8.84 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 8.11 – 8.05 (m, 2H), 7.67 (dd, J = 7.8, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (ddd, J = 8.6, 7.3, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (td, J = 7.6, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.01 – 6.95 (m, 2H), 6.65 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 4.58 (quint, J = 6.7 Hz, 1H), 4.31 – 4.20 (m, 2H), 2.97 – 2.84 (m, 2H), 2.78 – 2.48 (m, 4H), 1.76 – 1.67 (m, 4H), 1.57 (d, J = 6.7 Hz, 6H), 1.53 – 1.47 (m, 2H). [0368] N-(2-(1-(cyclobutylmethyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenyl)-4-(2-(pip eridin-1- yl)ethoxy)benzamide: To an oven-dried vial was added LLM418 (40.3 mg, 0.103 mmol, 1.0 eq), which was dissolved in 2.5 mL anhydrous DMF. To the solution was then added K 2 CO 3 (42.4 mg, 0.307 mmol, 3.0 eq), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 40 minutes. To the mixture was then added slowly 0.58 mL of a freshly prepared solution of 0.2 M bromomethyl cyclobutane (0.116 mmol, 1.1 eq) in anhydrous DMF. The mixture was then stirred at room temperature overnight. After 75 hours, the reaction mixture was diluted with 10 mL DCM and washed with 10 mL brine. The organic layer was then separated and concentrated. The crude material was then purified via automated flash column chromatography using a gradient of 78:20:2 to 16:82:2 Hex:EtOAc:TEA to afford the desired product as a pale orange solid (33.0 mg, 0.0720 mmol, 70%). 1 H NMR: (600 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 12.18 (s, 1H), 8.85 (dd, J = 8.4, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 8.12 – 8.05 (m, 2H), 7.67 (dd, J = 7.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (ddd, J = 8.5, 7.2, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (td, J = 7.5, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.02 – 6.96 (m, 2H), 6.64 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 4.21 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 4.19 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.87 (quint, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 2.81 (t, J = 6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.60 – 2.46 (m, 4H), 2.10 – 2.02 (m, 2H), 1.95 – 1.83 (m, 2H), 1.83 – 1.75 (m, 2H), 1.62 (quint, J = 5.6 Hz, 4H), 1.50 – 1.42 (m, 2H). [0369] 4-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy)-N-(2-(1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)- 1H-pyrazol-3- yl)phenyl)benzamide: To an oven-dried vial was added LLM418 (41.0 mg, 0.105 mmol, 1.0 eq), which was dissolved in 2.5 mL anhydrous DMF. To the solution was then added K 2 CO 3 (44.5 mg, 0.322 mmol, 3.1 eq), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. To the mixture was then added slowly 0.58 mL of a freshly prepared solution of 0.2 M 2,2,2- trifluoroethyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (0.116 mmol, 1.1 eq) in anhydrous DMF. The mixture was then stirred at room temperature overnight. After 22 hours, the reaction mixture was diluted with 10 mL DCM and washed with 10 mL brine. The organic layer was then separated and concentrated. The crude material was then purified via automated flash column chromatography using a gradient of 83:15:2 to 18:80:2 Hex:EtOAc:TEA to afford the desired product as an off- white solid (43.6 mg, 0.0923 mmol, 88%). 1 H NMR: (600 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 11.74 (s, 1H), 8.87 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 8.04 – 8.00 (m, 2H), 7.67 (dd, J = 7.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (ddd, J = 8.6, 7.2, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (td, J = 7.5, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.01 – 6.96 (m, 2H), 6.80 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H), 4.75 (q, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 4.18 (t, J = 6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.81 (t, J = 6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.60 – 2.42 (m, 4H), 1.63 (quint, J = 5.7 Hz, 4H), 1.50 – 1.42 (m, 2H). [0370] N-(2-(1-cyclobutyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenyl)-4-(2-(piperidin-1 -yl)ethoxy)benzamide: To an oven-dried vial was added LLM418 (41.0 mg, 0.105 mmol, 1.0 eq), which was dissolved in 2.5 mL anhydrous DMF. To the solution was then added K 2 CO 3 (43.4 mg, 0.314 mmol, 3.0 eq), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. To the mixture was then added slowly 0.58 mL of a freshly prepared solution of 0.2 M bromocyclobutane (0.116 mmol, 1.1 eq) in anhydrous DMF. The mixture was then heated to 65°C and stirred overnight, during which an additional 0.03 mL bromocyclobutane was added (0.319 mmol, 3.0 eq). After 19 hours, the reaction mixture was quenched with 10 mL aqueous K 2 CO 3 and extracted with 20 mL DCM. The organic layer was then separated and concentrated. The crude material was then purified via automated flash column chromatography using a gradient of 48:50:2 to 0:98:2 Hex:EtOAc:TEA to afford the desired product as an off-white residue (30.8 mg, 0.0693 mmol, 66%). 1 H NMR: (600 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 12.02 (s, 1H), 8.83 (dd, J = 8.4, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.09 – 8.03 (m, 2H), 7.66 (dd, J = 7.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (ddd, J = 8.6, 7.2, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (td, J = 7.5, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.02 – 6.97 (m, 2H), 6.64 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 4.85 – 4.77 (m, 1H), 4.18 (t, J = 6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.81 (t, J = 6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.61 – 2.46 (m, 8H), 1.94 – 1.86 (m, 2H), 1.63 (quint, J = 5.6 Hz, 5H), 1.50 – 1.42 (m, 2H). 13 C NMR: (151 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 165.7, 161.5, 151.3, 136.7, 129.4, 128.7, 128.5, 128.5, 127.6, 123.0, 120.9, 120.5, 114.2, 103.9, 66.2, 57.8, 55.8, 55.1, 30.5, 25.9, 24.2, 14.9. [0371] N-(2-(1-(oxetan-3-ylmethyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenyl)-4-(2-(pi peridin-1- yl)ethoxy)benzamide: To an oven-dried vial was added LLM418 (40.7 mg, 0.104 mmol, 1.0 eq), which was dissolved in 2.5 mL anhydrous DMF. To the solution was then added K 2 CO 3 (43.3 mg, 0.313 mmol, 3.0 eq), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. To the mixture was then added a solution of 3-bromomethyl oxetane (62.9 mg, 0.417 mmol, 4.0 eq) in 0.5 mL anhydrous DMF. The mixture was then stirred overnight at room temperature. After 6 days, the reaction mixture was quenched with 10 mL aqueous K 2 CO 3 and extracted with 2x20 mL portions of DCM. The organic layers were combined and concentrated. The crude material was then purified via automated flash column chromatography using a gradient of 0- 10% MeOH in DCM to afford the desired product as yellow solid (37.5 mg, 0.0814 mmol, 78%). 1 H NMR: (600 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 11.91 (s, 1H), 8.81 (dd, J = 8.4, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.06 – 8.01 (m, 2H), 7.65 (dd, J = 7.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (ddd, J = 8.5, 7.3, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (td, J = 7.6, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.03 – 6.99 (m, 2H), 6.66 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 4.79 – 4.73 (m, 2H), 4.52 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 4.47 – 4.42 (m, 2H), 4.34 – 4.26 (m, 2H), 3.54 – 3.46 (m, 1H), 3.02 – 2.91 (m, 2H), 2.81 – 2.58 (m, 4H), 1.78 – 1.69 (m, 4H), 1.55 – 1.47 (m, 2H). 13 C NMR: (151 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 165.5, 161.1, 151.9, 136.7, 130.4, 129.4, 128.8, 128.8, 127.6, 123.1, 120.8, 120.1, 114.3, 104.6, 74.5, 65.4, 57.4, 54.9, 54.8, 35.6, 25.1, 23.6. [0372] N-(2-(1-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenyl)-4-(2-(piperidin- 1- yl)ethoxy)benzamide: To a vial was added copper diacetate (20.8 mg, 0.115 mmol, 1.06 eq) and 2,2’-bipyridine (21.0 mg, 0.134 mmol, 1.2 eq), which were then suspended in 2 mL anhydrous 1,2-dichloroethane. The mixture was then refluxed for 15 minutes. To a separate vial was added LLM418 (42.4 mg, 0.109 mmol, 1.0 eq), cyclopropyl boronic acid (19.9 mg, 0.232 mmol, 2.1 eq), and Na 2 CO 3 (23.3 mg, 0.220 mmol, 2.0 eq), and the reagents were then suspended in 3 mL anhydrous 1,2-dichloroethane and 2 mL anhydrous 1,4-dioxane. To this mixture was added the dark blue-green Cu(OAc) 2 /bpy solution. The mixture was stirred and heated to 75°C for 3.75 hours, after which the mixture was cooled to room temperature and quenched with 10 ml AQ K 2 CO 3 . The aqueous layer was then extracted with 2x25 mL portions of DCM. The organic layers were combined, dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated. The crude material was purified via automated flash column chromatography using a gradient of 0-8% MeOH in DCM to afford the desired product as a red-orange solid (23.5 mg, 0.0546 mmol, 50%). 1 H NMR: (600 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 12.23 (s, 1H), 8.88 (dd, J = 8.4, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.20 – 8.14 (m, 2H), 7.66 (dd, J = 7.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (ddd, J = 8.6, 7.3, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (td, J = 7.6, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.03 – 6.98 (m, 2H), 6.63 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 4.40 – 4.16 (m, 2H), 3.73 – 3.64 (m, 1H), 3.03 – 2.83 (m, 2H), 2.83 – 2.47 (m, 4H), 1.77 – 1.66 (m, 4H), 1.56 – 1.46 (m, 2H), 1.20 – 1.16 (m, 2H), 1.16 – 1.10 (m, 2H). Example 10: LLM418-Az. Example 11: 1-(2-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)ure a (LS-U1). [0373] 1-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-3-(2-(1-tosyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)ph enyl)urea: To an oven- dried vial was added triphosgene (55.6 mg, 0.187 mmol, 0.54 eq), which was then dissolved in 3 mL DCM. DIPEA (0.15 mL, 0.86 mmol, 2.5 eq) was added. The solution was cooled to 0°C. To the solution was then added a solution of 2-(1-tosyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)aniline (109.1 mg, 0.348 mmol, 1.0 eq) in 2 mL DCM. The solution was stirred at 0°C for 10 minutes. Then, a solution of 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperidine (0.08 mL, 0.459 mmol, 1.3 eq) in 1 mL DCM was added. The solution was stirred overnight and allowed to slowly warm to room temperature. After 23 h, the reaction was quenched with 10 mL AQ K 2 CO 3 and extracted with 50 mL DCM. The organic layer was separated and concentrated. The crude material was purified via automated flash column chromatography using a gradient of 88:10:2 to 18:80:2 Hex:EtOAc:TEA to afford the desired product as a pale yellow residue (91.9 mg, 0.197 mmol, 57%). [0374] 1-(2-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)ure a: To a vial was added 1- (2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-3-(2-(1-tosyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phen yl)urea (69.9 mg, 0.149 mmol, 1.0 eq), which was dissolved in 5 mL MeOH. Cs 2 CO 3 (392.2 mg, 1.204 mmol, 8.1 eq) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hours. Upon completion of the reaction, it was diluted with 5 mL H 2 O and extracted with 3x50 mL portions of DCM. The AQ layer was then diluted with 5 mL sat. AQ NH 4 Cl and extracted with 50 mL DCM. The organic layers were combined and concentrated. The crude material was then purified via preparative HPLC using an H 2 O:MeCN:AcOH solvent system to afford the acetate salt of the desired product as a translucent white residue (15.4 mg, 0.0412 mmol, 28%).
Example 12: LS-TF Compounds (LS-TF-2P, LS-TF-3P, LS-TF-4P).
Example 13: LS-AF Compounds (LS-AF-2P, FS-AF-3P, and FS-AF-4P)
Example 14: LS-T Compounds (LS-T-2, LS-T-3, and LS-T-4) Example 15: LS-O Compounds (LS-O1, LS-O2, LS-O3, and LS-O5) Example 16: LLM4 Compounds (LLM4, LLM4-S1, LLM4-S2, and LLM4-S3) [0375] 2-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)aniline. To a 50 mL round bottom flask was added 1-(2- nitrophenyl)pyrrole (301.4 mg, 1.602 mmol, 1.0 eq), which was then dissolved in 13 mL methanol. To the solution was then added palladium on carbon (10 wt. %, 59.9 mg, 56.3 µmol Pd, 0.035 eq). The flask headspace was then evacuated and filled with H 2 three times, and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature under H 2 for 28.75 hours. Upon completion of the reaction, the mixture was diluted with 15 mL MeOH, filtered over celite, and concentrated. The crude material was then purified via automated flash column chromatography using a gradient of 100:0 to 96:4 Hex:EtOAc to afford the desired product as a white solid (170.1 mg, 1.075 mmol, 67% yield). 1 H NMR: (600 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 7.20 – 7.12 (m, 2H), 6.84 (dd, J = 2.1, 2.1 Hz, 2H), 6.82 – 6.76 (m, 2H), 6.34 (dd, J = 2.1, 2.1 Hz, 2H), 3.71 (s, 2H). 13 C NMR: (151 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 142.1, 128.5, 127.5, 127.1, 121.7, 118.4, 116.1, 109.4. [0376] 5-fluoro-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)aniline. To a 50 mL round bottom flask was added 1-(4- fluoro-2-nitrophenyl)pyrrolidine (302.3 mg, 1.438 mmol, 1.0 eq), which was then dissolved in13 mL methanol. To the solution was then added palladium on carbon (10 wt. %, 53.6 mg, 50.4 µmol Pd, 0.035 eq). The flask headspace was then evacuated and filled three times with H 2 . The mixture was then stirred at room temperature under H 2 for 27.58 hours. Upon completion of the reaction, the mixture was diluted with 13 mL methanol, filtered over celite, and concentrated. The crude material was then purified via automated flash column chromatography using a gradient of 100:0 to 92:8 Hex:EtOAc to afford the desired product as a dark red oil (177.6 mg, 0.985 mmol, 68% yield). 1 H NMR: (600 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 6.92 (dd, J = 8.7, 5.7 Hz, 1H), 6.43 (dd, J = 10.2, 2.9 Hz, 1H), 6.39 (ddd, J = 8.5, 8.5, 2.9 Hz, 1H), 4.03 (s, 2H), 3.10 – 2.88 (m, 4H), 1.99 – 1.85 (m, 4H). 13 C NMR: (151 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 159.8 (d, J C-F = 239 Hz), 143.3 (d, J C-F = 10.9 Hz), 133.4 (d, J C-F = 2.4 Hz), 119.9 (d, J C-F = 9.9 Hz), 104.1 (d, J C-F = 22.1 Hz), 101.9 (d, J C-F = 25.4 Hz), 51.5, 24.1. [0377] 2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)aniline. To a 50 mL round bottom flask was added 2-nitro-1- pyrrolidinobenzene (304.3 mg, 1.583 mmol, 1.0 eq), which was then dissolved in 13 mL methanol. To the solution was then added palladium on carbon (10 wt. %, 59.9 mg, 56.3 µmol Pd, 0.035 eq). The flask headspace was then evacuated and filled three times with H 2 , and the mixture was then stirred under H 2 at room temperature for 18 hours. Upon completion of the reaction, the mixture was then diluted with 13 mL methanol, filtered over celite, and concentrated. The crude material was then purified via automated flash column chromatography using a gradient of 100:0 to 93:7 Hex:EtOAc to afford the desired product as a golden yellow oil (99.4 mg, 0.613 mmol, 39% yield). 1 H NMR: (600 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 7.02 – 6.98 (m, 1H), 6.91 – 6.86 (m, 1H), 6.76 – 6.71 (m, 2H), 3.12 – 2.99 (m, 4H), 2.06 – 1.86 (m, 4H). 13 C NMR: (151 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 141.3, 137.7, 123.4, 118.6, 118.5, 115.4, 50.9, 24.1. [0378] Methyl 4-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propoxy)benzoate. To an oven-dried 50 mL round bottom flask was added methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (3.002 g, 19.73 mmol, 1.0 eq), 1-(3- chloropropyl)piperidine monohydrochloride (5.865 g, 29.60 mmol, 1.5 eq), potassium carbonate (8.182 g, 59.20 mmol, 3.0 eq), and potassium iodide (329.8 mg, 1.987 mmol, 0.10 eq). Acetonitrile (45 mL) was added, and the mixture was then refluxed for 19.5 hours. Upon completion, the mixture was immediately filtered, washing with 100 mL DCM. The organic layer was then washed with 100 mL AQ K 2 CO 3 . The organic layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with 2x100 mL portions of DCM. The organic layers were combined, dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated. The crude material was then purified via automated flash column chromatography using a gradient of 95:5 to 92:8 DCM:MeOH to afford the desired product as a viscous orange oil (2.615 g, 9.427 mmol, 48% yield). 1 H NMR: (600 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 7.91 – 7.88 (m, 2H), 7.04 – 7.01 (m, 2H), 4.07 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 2.41 – 2.35 (m, 6H), 1.90 – 1.85 (m, 2H), 1.51 – 1.47 (m, 4H), 1.39 – 1.36 (m, 2H). 13 C NMR: (151 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 165.9, 162.5, 131.2, 121.7, 114.4, 66.3, 54.9, 54.0, 51.8, 26.0, 25.5, 24.0. [0379] 4-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propoxy)benzoic acid hydrochloride. To a 100 mL double-necked round bottom flask was added a solution of methyl 4-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propoxy)benzoate (2.503 g, 9.024 mmol, 1.0 eq) in 30 mL ethanol. To the stirring solution was then added 22 mL 0.91 M NaOH (20.02 mmol, 2.2 eq). The solution was then stirred at room temperature for 69.5 hours. Upon completion, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure at 60°C, and the resultant sodium salt was dried at 60°C overnight. The sodium salt was then dissolved in 35 mL H 2 O, and the solution was slowly acidified to pH ~1 using concentrated HCl. A pale yellow solid precipitated, which was then isolated via vacuum filtration and dried at 60°C overnight. The filtrate was then concentrated and filtered twice more, with the resultant solid being dried at 60°C overnight. This afforded the desired product as a pale yellow solid (2.518 g, 8.398 mmol, 93% yield). 1 H NMR: (600 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ 10.74 (s, 1H), 7.90 – 7.87 (m, 2H), 7.03 – 7.01 (m, 2H), 4.13 (t, J = 6.1 Hz, 2H), 3.43 – 3.41 (m, 2H), 3.16 – 3.12 (m, 2H), 2.89 – 2.83 (m, 2H), 2.25 – 2.20 (m, 2H), 1.84 (qt, J = 13.4, 3.6 Hz, 2H), 1.78 – 1.74 (m, 2H), 1.71 – 1.67 (m, 1H), 1.38 (qt, J = 12.7, 4.0 Hz, 1H). 13 C NMR: (151 MHz, DMSO) δ 166.9, 161.8, 131.4, 123.2, 114.3, 65.4, 53.2, 52.0, 23.1, 22.3, 21.4. [0380] 4-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propoxy)benzoyl chloride. To an oven-dried 50 mL pear-shaped flask was added 4-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propoxy)benzoic acid hydrochloride (1.555 g, 5.187 mmol, 1.0 eq), which was then suspended in thionyl chloride (5.5 mL, 75.40 mmol, 14.5 eq). A catalytic amount of N,N-dimethylformamide (4 drops) was added, and the mixture was then refluxed for 2.5 hours. Upon completion of the reaction, the mixture was evaporated to dryness to afford the desired product as a yellow solid (quantitative yield), which was taken directly to the next step. [0381] N-(2-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)phenyl)-4-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propoxy)be nzamide. To an oven- dried vial was added 2-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)aniline (79.7 mg, 0.504 mmol, 1.0 eq), which was dissolved in 4 mL dichloromethane. To the solution was then added triethylamine (0.26 mL, 1.87 mmol, 3.7 eq), followed by a solution of 4-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propoxy)benzoyl chloride in DCM (0.692 mM; 1 mL, 0.692 mmol, 1.4 eq). The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight for 23 hours. Upon completion, the reaction was quenched with 10 mL AQ K 2 CO 3 and extracted with 50 mL DCM. The organic layer was separated and concentrated. The crude material was then purified via automated flash column chromatography using a gradient of 100:0 to 90:10 DCM:MeOH to afford the desired product as a yellow foam (189.5 mg, 0.470 mmol, 93% yield). 1 H NMR: (600 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 8.61 (dd, J = 8.3, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (s, 1H), 7.57 – 7.55 (m, 2H), 7.45 (td, J = 7.9, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (dd, J = 7.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (td, J = 7.6, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 6.89 – 6.87 (m, 2H), 6.85 (t, J = 2.1 Hz, 2H), 6.46 (t, J = 2.1 Hz, 2H), 4.08 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.96 – 2.58 (m, 6H), 2.31 – 2.17 (m, 2H), 1.95 – 1.73 (m, 4H), 1.63 – 1.50 (m, 2H). 13 C NMR: (151 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 164.5, 161.6, 134.5, 130.6, 129.1, 128.9, 126.8, 126.7, 123.9, 122.2, 120.9, 114.4, 110.6, 77.2, 77.0, 76.8, 65.9, 55.5, 54.1, 25.2, 24.2, 23.3. [0382] N-(5-fluoro-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)phenyl)-4-(3-(piperidin-1-yl) propoxy)benzamide. To an oven-dried vial was added 5-fluoro-2-(pyrrolidine-1-yl)aniline (89.5 mg, 0.497 mmol, 1.0 eq), which was then dissolved in 4 mL DCM. To the solution was then added triethylamine (0.26 mL, 1.87 mmol, 3.8 eq), followed by a solution of 4-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propoxy)benzoyl chloride in DCM (0.692 mM; 1 mL, 0.692 mmol, 1.4 eq). The solution was then stirred at room temperature for 61.75 hours. Upon completion, the reaction was quenched with 10 mL AQ K 2 CO 3 and extracted with 50 mL DCM. The organic layer was separated and concentrated. The crude material was purified via automated flash column chromatography using a gradient of 100:0 to 90:10 DCM:MeOH to afford the desired product as a red solid (199.0 mg, 0.468 mmol, 94% yield). 1 H NMR: (600 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 9.38 (s, 1H), 8.30 (dd, J = 10.9, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 7.84 – 7.82 (m, 2H), 7.16 (dd, J = 8.8, 5.5 Hz, 1H), 6.99 – 6.96 (m, 2H), 6.75 (ddd, J = 8.4, 8.4, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 4.13 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.03 – 3.00 (m, 4H), 2.96 – 2.63 (m, 6H), 2.33 – 2.20 (m, 2H), 2.02 – 1.98 (m, 4H), 1.95 – 1.76 (m, 4H), 1.65 – 1.50 (m, 2H). [0383] 4-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propoxy)-N-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)phenyl)b enzamide. To an oven- dried vial was added 2-(pyrrolidine-1-yl)aniline (80.9 mg, 0.499 mmol, 1.0 eq), which was then dissolved in 4 mL DCM. To the solution was added triethylamine (0.26 mL, 1.87 mmol, 3.7 eq), followed by a solution of 4-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propoxy)benzoyl chloride in DCM (0.692 mM; 1 mL, 0.692 mmol, 1.4 eq). The solution was then stirred at room temperature for 61.75 hours. Upon completion, the reaction was quenched with 10 mL AQ K2CO3 and extracted with 50 mL DCM. The organic layer was separated and concentrated. The crude material was then purified via automated flash column chromatography using a gradient of 100:0 to 90:10 DCM:MeOH to afford the desired product as a red foam (130.3 mg, 0.320 mmol, 64% yield). 1 H NMR: (600 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 9.06 (s, 1H), 8.39 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.86 – 7.84 (m, 2H), 7.19 (dd, J = 7.8, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (td, J = 7.7, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (td, J = 7.6, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 6.98 – 6.95 (m, 2H), 4.14 (t, J = 5.8 Hz, 2H), 3.08 – 3.05 (m, 4H), 3.04 – 2.73 (m, 6H), 2.40 – 2.30 (m, 2H), 2.02 – 1.86 (m, 8H), 1.70 – 1.51 (m, 2H). 13 C NMR: (151 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 164.3, 161.2, 140.3, 133.4, 128.8, 128.0, 124.4, 124.0, 120.3, 119.5, 114.4, 77.2, 77.0, 76.8, 65.7, 55.5, 53.9, 52.6, 24.7, 24.5, 23.6, 22.9. Example 17: N-(2-(1-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenyl)-4-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)e thoxy)benzamide acetic acid salt (LLM418-5NEt) [0384] N-(2-bromophenyl)-4-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy)benzamide: To an oven-dried 100 mL round bottom flask was added a solution of 2-bromoaniline (690.2 mg, 4.012 mmol, 1.0 eq) in 15 mL DCM. Triethylamine (1.51 mL, 10.833 mmol, 2.7 eq) was added to the solution, followed by a freshly prepared solution of 4-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy)benzoyl chloride (1.446 g, 5.402 mmol, 1.35 eq) in 15 mL DCM. The solution was stirred at room temperature overnight. After 50 h, the reaction was quenched with 20 mL AQ K 2 CO 3 and extracted with 100 mL DCM. The organic layer was separated and concentrated. The crude material was then purified via automated flash column chromatography using a gradient of 84:15:1 to 52:47:1 Hex:EtOAc:TEA to afford the desired product as a cream-colored solid (1.5699 g, 3.892 mmol, 97%). [0385] N-(2-(1-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenyl)-4-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)e thoxy)benzamide acetic acid salt: To a 5 mL μW vial was added N-(2-bromophenyl)-4-(2-(piperidin-1- yl)ethoxy)benzamide (101.8 mg, 0.252 mmol, 1.0 eq), 1-ethyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolane-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole (73.2 mg, 0.330 mmol, 1.33 eq), K 2 CO 3 (104.6 mg, 0.757 mmol, 3.0 eq), and Pd(PPh3) 4 (14.8 mg, 0.0128 mmol, 0.05 eq).3 mL degassed 5:11,4- dioxane:H 2 O was then added. The mixture was degassed with N2. The vial was then sealed and the mixture was heated to 70°C via microwave for 2 hours. Upon completion of the reaction, 5 mL saturated aqueous NaHCO 3 was added. The mixture was then extracted with 3x15 mL portions of DCM. The organic layers were combined and concentrated. The crude material was then purified via preparative HPLC using H 2 O:MeCN:AcOH to afford the diacetate salt of the desired product as a red-gold oil (50.9 mg, 0.0945 mmol, 38%). Example 18: N-(2-(1-benzyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-5-fluorophenyl)-4-(2-(piperi din-1- yl)ethoxy)benzamide (LLM418-FBn) [0386] N-(5-fluoro-2-iodophenyl)-4-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy)benzam ide: To an oven-dried vial was added 5-fluoro-2-iodoaniline (202.4 mg, 0.854 mmol, 1.0 eq), which was dissolved in 6 mL DCM. The solution was cooled to 0°C, and TEA (0.30 mL, 2.15 mmol, 2.5 eq) was added. To the solution was then added 3.25 mL of a freshly prepared 0.391M solution of 4-(2- (piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy)benzoyl chloride in DCM (1.27 mmol, 1.5 eq). The solution was stirred overnight and allowed to gradually warm to room temperature. After 15 hours, the reaction was quenched with 10 mL AQ K 2 CO 3 and extracted with 2x25 mL portions of DCM. The organic layers were combined, dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 , and concentrated. The crude material was then purified via automated flash column chromatography using a gradient of 83:15:2 to 28:70:2 Hex:EtOAc:TEA to afford the desired product as an off-white solid (145.4 mg, 0.310 mmol, 36%). [0387] N-(2-(1-benzyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-5-fluorophenyl)-4-(2-(piperi din-1- yl)ethoxy)benzamide: To a vial was added 1-benzyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan- 2-yl)-1H-pyrazole (116.7 mg, 0.411 mmol, 1.5 eq), followed by N-(5-fluoro-2-iodophenyl)-4-(2- (piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy)benzamide (124.8 mg, 0.266 mmol, 1.0 eq). The reagents were suspended in 3 mL degassed 10:11,4-dioxane:H 2 O. To the suspension was then added Cs 2 CO 3 (265.1 mg, 0.814 mmol, 3.1 eq) and Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 (31.2 mg, 0.027 mmol, 0.1 eq). The mixture was degassed with N2, then heated to 80°C under N2 for 42 hours. Upon completion of the reaction, the mixture was diluted with EtOAc, filtered over celite, and concentrated. The crude material was purified via automated flash column chromatography using a gradient of 0-10% MeOH in DCM to afford the desired product as an orange-yellow residue (71.1 mg, 0.143 mmol, 54%). [0388] The recitation of a listing of chemical groups in any definition of a variable herein includes definitions of that variable as any single group or combination of listed groups. The recitation of an embodiment for a variable herein includes that embodiment as any single embodiment or in combination with any other embodiments or portions thereof. The recitation of an embodiment herein includes that embodiment as any single embodiment or in combination with any other embodiments or portions thereof. REFERENCES 1. Yao, X.; Huang, J.; Zhong, H.; Shen, N.; Faggioni, R.; Fung, M.; Yao, Y. Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2014, 141, 125. 2. Stein, B.; Sutherland, M. S. K. Drug Discovery Today.1998, 3 (5), 202. 3. Guqin, Shi. Ph.D. Dissertation. The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 2017. 4. Mao, Liguang. Ph.D. Dissertation. The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 2017. 5. Omura, S.; Hayashi, M.; Tomoda, H. Pure Appl. Chem.1999, 71, 1673. 6. Saleh, A. Z. M.; Greenman, K. L.; Billings, S.; Van Vranken, D. L.; Krolewski, J. J. Biochemistry.2005, 44, 10822. 7. Li, H.; Xiao, H.; Lin, L.; Jou, D.; Kumari, V.; Lin, J.; Li, C. J. Med. Chem.2014, 57, 632. 8. Hong, S.; Choi, J.; Lee, S.; et al. J. Immunol.2015, 195, 237. 9. Boulanger, M. J.; Chow, D.; Brevnova, E. E.; Garcia, K. C. Science 2003, 300, 2101. EMBODIMENTS 1. A compound of Formula (F), or a salt thereof: wherein: R A1 is R 1 is optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted cycloalkyl; R A2 is H or halogen;
2. The compound of embodiment 1, or a salt thereof, wherein the compound is of Formula (A): wherein: R 1 is optionally substituted alkyl or cycloalkyl; R A2 is H or halogen; and R 2 is optionally substituted , optionally substituted , or optionally substituted 3. The compound of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the compound is of Formula (IV), or a salt thereof: 4. The compound of embodiment 3, wherein the compound is of Formula (IV-c), or a salt thereof: 5. The compound of embodiment 3, wherein the compound is of Formula (IV-d), or a salt thereof: 6. The compound of embodiment 3, wherein the compound is of Formula (IV-e), or a salt thereof:
7. The compound of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein compound is of Formula (I), or a salt thereof: wherein: R 1 is alkyl or cycloalkyl; and R 2 is selected from the group consisting of: 8. The compound of embodiment 7, or a salt thereof, according to Formula (I-a):
9. The compound of embodiment 7, or a salt thereof, according to Formula (I-b): 10. The compound of any one of embodiments 7-9, or a salt thereof, according to Formula (I-c): 11. The compound of any one of embodiments 7-9, or a salt thereof, according to Formula (I-d): 12. The compound of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the compound is of Formula (V) or (VI), or a salt thereof: wherein R 2 is optionally substituted y y , p y 13. The compound of embodiment 12, wherein the compound is of Formula (V-A), or a salt thereof: wherein: R 2 is ; and R A3 is optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted carbocyclyl. 14. The compound of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the compound is of Formula (VII) or (VIII), or a salt thereof: 15. The compound of any one of embodiments 1-6, 12, or 14, or a salt thereof, wherein R 2 is optionally substituted , optionally substituted , optionally substituted , or optionally substituted 16. The compound of any one of embodiments 1-6, 12, or 14, or a salt thereof, wherein R 2 is 17. The compound of any one of embodiments 1-6, 12, or 14, or a salt thereof, wherein R 2 is 18. The compound of embodiment 13 or 17, wherein R A3 is optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl or optionally substituted C 3-8 carbocyclyl. 19. The compound of embodiment 13, 17, or 18, wherein R A3 is 20. The compound of any one of embodiments 1-6, 12, or 14, or a salt thereof, wherein R 2 is wherein R A3 is 21. The compound of any one of embodiments 1-15, 17, or 20, or a salt thereof, wherein R 2 is . 22. The compound of any one of embodiments 1-11, or a salt thereof, wherein R 2 is or . 23. The compound of embodiment 22, or a salt thereof, wherein R 2 is . 24. The compound of any one of the preceding embodiments, or a salt thereof, wherein R 1 is C 1–6 alkyl. 25. The compound of embodiment 24, or a salt thereof, wherein R 1 is isopropyl. 26. The compound of any one of embodiments 1-23, or a salt thereof, wherein R 1 is C 1-8 cycloalkyl. 27. The compound of embodiment 26, or a salt thereof, wherein R 1 is cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl. 28. The compound of any one of the preceding embodiments, or a salt thereof, wherein R A2 is hydrogen. 29. The compound of any one of the preceding embodiments, or a salt thereof, wherein R A2 is halogen. 30. The compound of embodiment 29, or a salt thereof, wherein R A2 is fluorine. 31. The compound of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of: or a salt thereof. 32. The compound of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of or a salt thereof. 33. The compound of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of or a salt thereof. 34. The compound of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of or a salt thereof. 35. The compound of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of
, or a salt thereof. 36. The compound of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the compound has the structure , or a salt thereof. 37. The compound of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of or a salt thereof. 38. The compound of embodiment 1, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of , or a salt thereof. 39. A compound of Formula (B), or a salt thereof: wherein: R A1 is R 1 is optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted cycloalkyl; R A2 is H or halogen; L is a linker selected from the group consisting of -NH(C=O)-, -(C=O)NH-, optionally substituted five-membered N-containing heterocyclylene, optionally substituted five-membered N-containing heteroarylene, or optionally substituted heteroarylalkylene; and R 3 is a carbohydrate or carbohydrate substituted with one or more oxygen protecting groups. 40. The compound of embodiment 39, wherein the compound is of Formula (IX), or a salt thereof: 41. The compound of embodiment 40, wherein the compound is of Formula (IX-c), or a salt thereof: 42. The compound of embodiment 40, wherein the compound is of Formula (IX-d), or a salt thereof: 43. The compound of embodiment 40, wherein the compound is of Formula (IX-e), or a salt thereof: 44. The compound of embodiment 40, wherein the compound is of Formula (X), (XI), (XII), or (XIII), or a salt thereof: 45. The compound of embodiment 44, wherein the compound is of Formula (X-c), (XI-c), (XII- c), or (XIII-c), or a salt thereof:
46. The compound of embodiment 44, wherein the compound is of Formula (X-d), (XI-d), (XII- d), or (XIII-d), or a salt thereof: 47. The compound of embodiment 44, wherein the compound is of Formula (X-e), (XI-e), (XII- e), or (XIII-e), or a salt thereof: e), 48. The compound of any one of embodiments 39-47, or a salt thereof, wherein L is -NH(C=O)- or –(C=O)NH-. 49. The compound of any one of embodiments 39-47, wherein L is a linker selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted five-membered N-containing heterocyclylene and optionally substituted five-membered N-containing heteroarylene. 50. The compound of embodiment 49, or a salt thereof, wherein L is optionally substituted pyrrolidinylene, optionally substituted pyrazolidinylene, optionally substituted imadazolidinylene, optionally substituted 3-pyrrolinylene, optionally substituted 2-pyrrolinylene, optionally substituted 2-pyrazolinylene, optionally substituted 2-imidazolinylene, optionally substituted 2H-pyrrolylene, optionally substituted 1H-pyrrolylene, optionally substituted pyrazolylene, optionally substituted imidazolylene, optionally substituted 1,2,4-triazolylene, optionally substituted 1,2,3-triazolylene, or optionally substituted tetrazolylene. 51. The compound of embodiment 50, or a salt thereof, wherein L is optionally substituted pyrazolylene, optionally substituted imidazolylene, optionally substituted 1,2,4-triazolylene, or optionally substituted 1,2,3-triazolylene. 52. The compound of embodiment 51, or a salt thereof, wherein L is 53. The compound of embodiment 52, or a salt thereof, wherein L is 54. The compound of any one of embodiments 39-53, wherein R 3 is selected from the group consisting of wherein: each R 4 is independently hydrogen or an oxygen protecting group or wherein two R 4 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form an oxygen protecting group; and each R 5 is independently hydrogen or a nitrogen protecting group. 55. The compound of embodiment 54, wherein R 3 is selected from the group consisting of , , , , 56. The compound of embodiment 39, wherein the compound is of Formula (II), or a salt thereof: wherein: L is a linker selected from the group consisting of -NH(C=O)-, -(C=O)NH-, R 3 is selected from the group consisting of
, , , , wherein: each R 4 is independently hydrogen or an oxygen protecting group; and each R 5 is independently hydrogen or a nitrogen protecting group. 57. The compound of 44, or a salt thereof, wherein R 3 is 58. The compound of embodiment 57, or a salt thereof, wherein R 3 is 59. The compound any one of embodiments 39-47 or 49-58, or a salt thereof, wherein -L-R 3 is . 60. The compound of any one of embodiments 39-55 or 57, or a salt thereof, wherein -L-R 3 is 61. The compound of embodiment 56, or a salt thereof, according to Formula (II-a): 62. The compound of any one of embodiments 54-61, or a salt thereof, wherein R 4 is H. 63. The compound of any one of embodiments 54-61, or a salt thereof, wherein R 4 is an oxygen protecting group. 64. The compound of embodiment 63, or a salt thereof, wherein the oxygen protecting group is acyl. 65. The compound of any one of embodiments 54-61, or a salt thereof, wherein two R 4 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form an oxygen protecting group. 66. The compound of embodiment 65, or a salt thereof, wherein two R 4 are joined together with the intervening atoms to form an acetal protecting group. 67. The compound of any one of embodiments 39-66, or a salt thereof, wherein R A2 is hydrogen. 68. The compound of any one of embodiments 39-66, or a salt thereof, wherein R A2 is halogen. 69. The compound of embodiment 68, or a salt thereof, wherein R A2 is fluorine. 70. The compound of embodiment 39, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of: , or a salt thereof. 71. The compound of embodiment 39, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of: , or a salt thereof.
72. The compound of embodiment 39, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of: or a salt thereof. 73. The compound of embodiment 39, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of: , or a salt thereof. 74. A compound of Formula (C), or a salt thereof: wherein: R 1 is optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted cycloalkyl; R 6 is optionally substituted wherein: X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 are each independently selected from -N(R 7 )-, -O-, -S-, and - C(R 8 )(R 9 )-; each R 7 is independently hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, or a nitrogen protecting group; and R 8 and R 9 are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, or are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form a carbonyl. 75. The compound of embodiment 74, wherein the compound is of Formula (III), or a salt thereof: wherein: R 6 is wherein: X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 are each independently selected from -N(R 7 )-, -O-, -S-, and - C(R 8 )(R 9 )-; each R 7 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, or a nitrogen protecting group; and R 8 and R 9 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, or taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form a carbonyl. 76. The compound of embodiment 74, wherein the compound is of Formula (XIV), (XV), or (XVI), or a salt thereof: 77. The compound of any one of embodiments 74-76, or a salt thereof, wherein R 6 is 78. The compound of any one of embodiments 74-76, or a salt thereof, wherein R 6 is 79. The compound of any one of embodiments 74-76, or a salt thereof, wherein R 6 is
80. The compound of any one of embodiments 74-76, or a salt thereof, wherein R 6 is 81. The compound of any one of embodiments 74-80, or a salt thereof, wherein at least one of X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 is -N(R 7 )-. 82. The compound of embodiment 81, or a salt thereof, wherein R 7 is hydrogen. 83. The compound of any one of embodiments 74-82, or a salt thereof, wherein at least one of X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 is -C(R 8 )(R 9 )- and R 8 and R 9 taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form a carbonyl. 84. The compound of embodiment 74, wherein the compound is of Formula (XVII), or a salt thereof: 85. The compound of embodiment 76, or a salt thereof, wherein R 1 is C 1–6 alkyl. 86. The compound of embodiment 85, or a salt thereof, wherein R 1 is isopropyl. 87. The compound of embodiment 74, wherein the compound has the formula: , or a salt thereof. 88. The compound of embodiment 74, wherein the compound has the formula: or a salt thereof. 89. A compound of Formula (D), or a salt thereof: wherein: R A1 is and R 1 is optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted cycloalkyl. 90. The compound of embodiment 89, or a salt thereof, wherein R 1 is C 1–6 alkyl. 91. The compound of embodiment 90, or a salt thereof, wherein R 1 is isopropyl. 92. The compound of embodiment 89, wherein the compound has the formula: , or a salt thereof. 93. The compound of embodiment 89, wherein the compound has the formula: , or a salt thereof. 94. A compound of Formula (E), or a salt thereof: wherein: R 8 is R A2 is halogen; Y 1 is -O- or -N(R 7 )-; and R 7 is hydrogen, alkyl, or a nitrogen protecting group. 95. The compound of embodiment 94, or a salt thereof, wherein R A2 is fluorine. 96. The compound of embodiment 94 or 95, or a salt thereof, wherein Y 1 is -O- or -NH-. 97. The compound of embodiment 94, wherein the compound has the formula: or a salt thereof. 98. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of any one of the preceding embodiments, or a salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 99. The pharmaceutical composition of embodiment 98, further comprising an additional therapeutic agent. 100. A method of inhibiting IL-6 signaling comprising administering a compound of any one of embodiments 1-97, or a salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of any one of embodiments 98 or 99. 101. The method of embodiment 100, wherein the compound is a dual PARP/IL-6 inhibitor. 102. The method of embodiment 100 or 101, wherein the inhibition of IL-6 is in vitro. 103. The method of embodiment 100 or 101, wherein the inhibition of IL-6 is in vivo. 104. The method of any one of embodiments 100-103, further comprising administering the compound to a subject. 105. A method of inhibiting IL-6/gp130 comprising administering a compound of any one of embodiments 1-97, or a salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of any one of embodiments 98 or 99. 106. The method of embodiment 105, wherein the compound is a dual PARP/IL-6 inhibitor. 107. The method of embodiment 105 or 106, wherein the inhibition is in vitro. 108. The method of embodiment 105 or 106, wherein the inhibition is in vivo. 109. The method of any one of embodiments 105-108, further comprising administering the compound to a subject. 110. A method of treating inflammatory disease in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject a compound of any one of embodiments 1-97, or a salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of any one of embodiments 98 or 99. 111. The method of embodiment 110, wherein the inflammatory disease is fibrosis. 112. The method of embodiment 111, wherein the fibrosis is liver fibrosis. 113. The method of embodiment 110, wherein the inflammatory disease is nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). 114. A method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject a compound of any one of embodiments 1-97, or a salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of any one of embodiments 98 or 99. 115. The method of embodiment 114, wherein the cancer is breast cancer or pancreatic cancer. 116. The method of embodiment 115, wherein the breast cancer is triple negative breast cancer. 117. The method of embodiment 114, wherein the cancer is bone cancer or brain cancer. 118. A method of treating an autoimmune disease in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject a compound of any one of embodiments 1-97, or a salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of any one of embodiments 98 or 99. 119. The method of any one of embodiments 100-118, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any one of embodiments 1-97, or a salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of any one of embodiments 98 or 99. 120. The method of any one of embodiments 100-119, wherein the subject is identified as in need of such treatment.
121. The method of any one of embodiments 100-120, wherein the subject has such disease or disorder.