2. Description of related art The following Acronyms are used in this document: DHCP-Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DOS-Disk Operating System IP-Internet Protocol ISA-International Smalltalk Association (disbanded) LED-Light Emitting Diode MB-MegaByte The Application of Horst Poepperl

IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE NAT-Network Address Translation OSI-Open Systems Interconnect OSPF-Open Shortest Path First (protocol) PCI-Peripheral Component Interconnect PCMCIA-Personal Computer Memory Card International Association RIP-Routing Information Protocol SBC-Single Board Computer TFTP-Trivial File Transfer Protocol VPN-Virtual Private Network WLL-Wireless Local Loop Data network customer premise equipment is typically the network hardware and software that is installed at any of the endpoints of a Point-to-Point or Point-to- Multipoint Wireless Local Loop system. There are many wireless local loop systems available today. Each system is typically proprietary in nature and the customer premise equipment usually provides basic wireless connectivity. Most often, this connectivity exists on Layer 1 of the Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) model The OSI model describes the functionality of network devices across the seven layers of network communication. Figure 1 shows a block diagram of this model. Layer 1 300 is called the Physical. Some systems also support connectivity up to Layer 2 301 which is the data link layer (Bridging) and a very few offer connectivity up to Layer 3 302, the network layer (Routing).

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IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE The manufacturers of the current variety of digital wireless technology place primary importance on the characteristics and uniqueness of their radio systems.

Network functionality is a secondary consideration and typically an"add-on"function of the primary product. For example, a customer premise equipment unit manufactured by BREEZECOM may have certain network features built in that are not shared in a customer premise equipment unit made by AIRONET, which has even different network functionality options as compared to a unit made by LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES.

These data network features and functions are not interchangeable between manufacturers. For example, one cannot take a customer premise unit from Breezecom, remove the radio from the unit, insert a radio from another manufacturer (such as AIRONET or LUCENT), and have the unit still work. Therefore, if the use of one manufacturer's wireless local loop system is more suitable than another's for a particular purpose, the network functionality and features offered also differ. This creates administrative and technical problems for organizations using different radio technologies in an overall wireless local loop infrastructure.

Even worse, many important IP network functions such as Routing, DHCP, NAT, etc. are not addressed at all by wireless system manufacturers. This is understandable in that such functions are outside the scope of the majority of the wireless system manufacturers. The reason for this is that these are controlled by a minimum system interface board. This interface board typically provides the minimum The Application of Horst Poepperl

IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE required digital connectivity between the ETHERNET and radio interfaces. There is a limited operating system and limited memory. Thus, even if these systems can be extended beyond the original programming with a software upgrade, they are limited in the functions they can perform.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Unlike the systems described above, the instant invention creates a flexible, modular, wireless local loop routing platform that can support different wireless local loop systems and make use of consistent data network functionality across the entire range of the OSI model, regardless of which radio system is used.

The system uses a modular hardware and software system that allows the integration of different radio technologies into the basic system, while maintaining its core capabilities across different wireless technologies. It also has the capability to use networking functions that reside on any of the seven layers of the OSI network model.

Unlike the systems described above, the instant invention has an operational central processing unit (CPU) that uses a full operating system. As described below, the system also has sufficient memory storage and controls to allow it to be integrated with any desired service package. To accomplish this, the system uses a single board computer system (SBC) that is mounted into a chassis, which includes a power supply.

The SBC is a miniature computer system on a single circuit board. Network interfaces such as ETHERNET or serial or both are included on the board. The board may or may not have an integrated processor chip or it may have a processor slot, into which the The Application of Horst Poepperl

IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE processor of choice is inserted. Random Access Memory is added to the board. In addition, a Solid State storage device, in chip form, is inserted into the motherboard.

This storage device acts as a"hard drive"for the SBC.

Radio systems are connected to the SBC using appropriate format boards or cards. If necessary, depending on the type of radio, an internal antenna cable is used to connect the radio's antenna port with an appropriate antenna connector attached to the. chassis.

A standard operating system is loaded onto the SBC. A software driver is written for the particular wireless interface card in use on the unit and loaded into the operating system. A software driver is computer code that allows the operating system to communicate and make use of an attached peripheral or system device.

Additional software packages can be loaded onto the operating system that perform specific network functions.

A distinctive function provided as part of this system is the transmit limiting software function which can program the device to limit the amount of bandwidth it can use for any of the interfaces. The concept of providing bandwidth-limiting functionality corrects the inability of most wireless local loop systems operating in the ISM band to control the amount of transmissions to or from the customer premise equipment.

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IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE The operating system and software packages for the network functions are then integrated with a"front-end"program for configuration of the system. A front-end program is software that interacts with the user and hides the complexity of the system.

The use of a single board computer and operating system allows the system to have enough power and flexibilitv to run>. oftwartthat Xprovide functionality on any of the seven layers of the OSI model. This also allows the system to treat the radio as just another interface, which provides the flexibility to integrate many different radio systems into the core unit with little or no change to the data network functionality of the device.

The result is a device that is modular in construction. It is also capable of supporting many different radio systems while performing the same core functions for the data network.

The device allows the network functions of the device to operate independently of the type radio system used. The device provides the local data network connection (i. e. ETHERNET), the routing and higher-layer network functions, and the wireless connectivity in a single device.

The device also implements transmit control bandwidth management functions to allow control over how much bandwidth can be used by the device on the wireless network.

This invention is useful in many situations, but primarily for the deployment of data network wireless local loop systems. Applications include its use as customer The Application of Horst Poepperl

IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE premise equipment for wireless Internet service providers, wireless municipal area networks, wireless campus area networks, wireless point-to-point network connecuuns, wireless wide area networks and indoor wireless networks.

It is an object of this invention to create a wireless unit in which the comprehensive network functionality is the core of the unit.

It is another object of this invention to create a wireless unit that through modular construction allows a wireless local loop (radio) system that can differ in its form without affecting the basic network capability of the overall system.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a diagram of the Open Systems Interconnect model, as prior art.

Figure 2a is a front view of the system's housing, ready for use.

Figure 2b is a back view of the system's housing, ready for use.

Figure 3 is a perspective view of the housing for the system.

Figure 4 is a top view of the system with the housing cover removed.

Figure 5 is a top nfeéof the system's chassis.

Figure 6 is a detW 1 viev of the Single Board Computer and its serial connector cable.

Figure 7 is a detail view showing the connections for the fan power.

Figure 8 is a detail view of the connections for the backplane power cables.

Figure 9 is a detail view of the single board computer being installed in the chassis.

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IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE Figure 10 is a detail view showing the placement and setting of the jumper JP2.

Figure 11 shows the placement of the solid state storage device on the single board computer.

Figure 12 is a detail view showing the installation of the reset wires on the single board computer.

Figure 13 is a detail view showing the installation of the LED power wires on the single board computer.

Figure 14 is a detail view showing the installation of the random access memory on the single board computer.

Figure 15 is a detail view showing the installation of the radio card in the chassis.

Figure 16 is a detail view showing the installation of the serial cable on the single board computer.

Figure 17a is a detail view of the PCMCIA interface board.

Figure 17b is a detail view of the slot in the chassis for the PCMCIA interface board.

Figure 17c is a detail view of the chassis showing the PCMCIA interface board installed in the chassis.

Figure 18 is a detail view showing the installation of the PCMCIA radio card.

Figure 19 is a detail view of expansion cover holes on the back of the chassis.

Figure 20a is a detail view of the connection of the MMCX cable to the radio card.

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IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE Figure 20b is a detail view of the installation of a reverse TNC connector to the chassis.

Figure 21 is a detail view of the bumper location in the chassis.

Figure 22 is a software logical diagram of the system.

Figure 23 is a detail view of a computer screen showing for the control system showing the main menu.

Figure 24 is a detail view of a computer screen showing for the control system showing the configuration menu.

Figure 25 is a detail view of a computer screen showing for the control system showing the network configuration menu.

Figure 26 is a detail view of a computer screen showing for the control system showing the interface addresses menu.

Figure 27 is a detail view of a computer screen showing for the control system showing the route configuration menu.

Figure 28 is a detail view of a computer screen showing for the control system showing the RIP configuration menu.

Figure 29 is a detail view of a computer screen showing for the control system showing the ETHERNET interface RIP menu.

Figure 30 is a detail view of a computer screen showing for the control system showing the radio interface RI P menu.

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IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE Figure 31 is a detail view of a computer screen showing for the control system showing the radio configuration menu.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Referring now to figures 2a and 2b, The front 2 and back 3 of the housing 1 are shown. As shown, the front 2 of the housing has a reset button 10, and a power light 11.

The back 3 of the housing 1 has a number of other connections. A power connector 5, power switch 6 an ETHERNET port 7, a serial port 8, and antenna port 9 are shown. A number of indicator lights are also shown: radio lock 12, radio traffic 13, ETHERNET traffic 14, and 10baseT connect 15. Note: the term radio as used here includes all means of non-wire media, including but not limited to radio, infrared, laser, and other optical transmissions.

Figure 3 shows the housing 1. It is generally a rectangular box. However, it can take any desired shape, as long as it encloses the essential components.

Figure 4 is a top view of the housing 1 with the cover la removed. Here, the essential components are shown. On the left side are the circuit boards 20, including the single board computer (SBC) 30. On the right side is the power supply 21.

Connecting cables 22 are positioned about the housing as shown. These cables are discussed below.

Figure 5 is a view of the chassis 18, with the circuit boards 20 removed. Here, the expansion bay cover 16, the case fan 19 and the power cables are shown. Also shown The Application of Horst Poepperl

IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE are the main power cable 26, the indicator light power cables 27, the fan power cables 28 and the chassis reset wires 29.

Figure 6 shows the SBC 30 and a serial cable 31. The SBC is a miniature computer system on a single circuit board. Network interfaces such as ETHERNET or Serial or both are included on the board. The board may or may not have an integrated processor chip or it may. have a processor slot, into which the processor of choice is inserted. In the preferred embodiment, the processor is an INTEL 486 chip.

The SBC also system has built-in ETHERNET and serial interface ports. In addition, the SBC on the chassis has one or more ISA or PCI slots for expansion devices built in. Random access memory is added to the board, typically in 16 MB or 32-MB increments.

A solid state storage device (2011 chip) 40, in chip form, is inserted into the motherboard. This chip holds the software for the device and can maintain its contents even if power is removed from the system. It is intended to act as the unit's"hard drive"storage device.

If the radio system intended for integration is in a PCMCIA format, then a PCMCIA interface circuit board 50 is added to the ISA or PCI slot of SBC. If the radio system is in ISA or PCI format already, and then it is simply plugged into one of the available ISA or PCI interface slots. Depending on the type of radio, an internal antenna cable 55 may be used to connect the radio's antenna port with an appropriate antenna connector attached to the chassis. These features are described in detail below.

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IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE The network functionality of the wireless router is in targe part determined by the current software on the 2011 chip. A complete software image is installed on the router when the 2011 chip is inserted into the motherboard (SBC) chip socket.

A standard operating system is loaded onto the SBC, such as LINUX. Examples of other operating systems that can be used are UNIX and DOS. A software d river is written for the particular wireless interface card in use on the unit and loaded into the operating system. The software driver is computer code that allows the operating system to communicate and make use of an attached peripheral or system device.

Figure 22 shows the logical structure for the device. It includes the LINUX operating system in use at this time that already has IP network and RIP routing functionality built in. Additional software packages are loaded onto the operating system that perform specific network functions such as network address translation (NAT), dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP), open shortest path first routing protocol (OSPF), Telnet, trivial file transfer protocol, transmit limiting, class based queuing functions and virtual private network protocol (VPN). Future network functions or protocols can then be easily added to the system when they become available.

Moving from the bottom of the diagram in Figure 22 upward, the ETHERNET, Serial and Radio ports are physical ports either integratdd/tbbe SBC or attached through PCMCIA or ISA interface slots. Logically however, the software considers them to be simply ETHERNET (110), Serial (112) and Radio (115) interface ports.

. The Application of Horst Poepperl

IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE The appropriate software drivers (a software driver is the software code that allows the operating system to pass data to and from, and to control, the appropriate hardware device) are network ports (109,111,114). These are compiled into the operating system. The drivers control and pass data to the appropriate ports. The LINUX Operating System also contains three network functions as pe"ko Operating System Software: NAT- (Network Address Translation) services (108) Firewall services (107) Tx Limiting-Transmission Limiting services (116) Installed and residing logically above the operating system are installed packages. A package is specific software that performs a specific network function and resides within the userspace (i. e., on top of) the operating system that provide specific network functionality. The packages shown in the figure are: Routing Services (Routing Information Protocol) (105) Routing Services (Open Shortest Path First Protocol) (101) Dynamic Host Configuration Services (102) Virtual Private Network Services (103) Telnet Login Services (104) Trivial File Transfer Protocol Services (117) Residing at the top layer, the Interactive Configuration Menu (100) software allows access to the configuration functions of all packages as well as those functions The Application of Horst Poepperl

IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE included in the operating system. This software hides the complexity of the system from the user and allows the user to change the configuration options of the router.

Specific to this invention, as shown in Figure 22, when changing wireless interface options (i. e. when integrating other wireless system radios), only the radio port (115), radio driver software (114) and interactive configuration menu (100) are modified or replaced. Other network functions remain unchanged.

The entire system is controlled by the interactive configuration menu software (100), version 2.2. As mentioned above, this software provides the following functionality for the entire system: Routing: The current software revision supports both the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) (105) version 1 and version 2. It also supports the routing protocol Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) (101).

Service-Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) (102): This protocol is standard and allows the router to act as a DHCP Server.

Service-Virtual Private Network (VPN) (103): This standard protocol allows the creation of a point-to-point encrypted network connection between two routers.

Service-Telnet (104): This service allows the user to log into the router via a standard network Telnet connection. It also supports standard Telnet connections to originate from the router.

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IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE Service-Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) (117): This service allows the user to store the router's configuration file on a TFTP server, using the standard TFTP protocol.

Service-Network Address Translation (NAT) (108) : This standard service translate one address on one interface to many addresses on a second interface.

Service-Firewall (107): Through the standard Firewall function, the user can "secure"an interface and only allow traffic through the router that originates from the "secured"network interface.

Service-TX Limiting (116): The standard Transmit Limiting function allows th user to specify how much data (in Kilobits per second) is allowed to be transmitted on a single interface.

This system is available on a chip from Spectrum Wireless, Inc., Anchorage Alaska.

A skilled person can add or modify the services running on the router. Also, additional software development may enhance or add features to the basic wireless routing services already described here.

A distinctive function provided as part of this system is the Transmit Limiting software function which can program the device to limit the amount of bandwidth it can use for any of the interfaces. The concept of providing bandwidth-limiting functionality corrects the inability omost''cireless local loop systems operating in the The Application of Horst Poepperl

IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE ISM band to control the amount of transmissions to or from the Customer premise equipment.

The configuration options for the wireless interface may differ, depending on the capabilities supported by the radio system. The configuration options for the core networking functions of the device, however, remain constant, regardless of the type of radio used.

The use of a single board computer and operating system allows the system to have enough power and flexibility to run software that can provide functionality on any f of the seven layers of the OSI model. This also allows the system to treat the radio as just another Interface, which provides the flexibility to integrate many different radio systems into the core unit with little or no change to the data network functionality of the device.

Construction Referring now to figs. 7-21, the assembly of the device is shown. The chassis 18 is manufactured complete with a power supply and ISA interface bus slots. The chassis is available from ICP Electronics Inc, Taipei, Taiwan as part number PR-103.

First, the fan power cable 28 is attached to the connectors in the chassis 18 as shown in fig. 7. One lead is attached to a +12 v. terminal and the other goes to ground.

Next, the main power cables 26 are installed as shown in fig. 8.

The SBC is manufactured complete with an ETHERNET port, a serial port and a keyboard connector. The SBC 30 is available from AAENON Electronics Hazlet, NJ as The Application of Horst Poepperl

IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE part no. SBC411E. Figure 9 shows the installation of the SBC 30. The SBC is secured in the chassis by screws in a manner common to the art. On the SBC 30 there are several jumpers. The jumper labeled JP2 on the SBC must be set to electrically connect posts 3 & 4 as shown in Figure 10. Posts 1 & 2 and posts 5 & 6 must be left isolated. Setting this jumper position makes the SBC aware of the presence of the solid state storage device, which stores the software loaded and acts as the SBC's booting hard drive.

The 2011 CHIP 40 is installed on the SBC 30 as shown in Figure 11. The printed semi-circle on the 2011 CHIP must line up with the embossed semi-circle on the SBC's chip socket. Press the 2011 CHIP firmly and evenly into the socket. This 2011 CHIP is already loaded with the operating software and network software for the wireless routing functions and is fully programmed. This chip is available from Spectrum Wireless, Inc. Anchorage, AK as part no. 2011DOCV2.2. The programming was prepared by the inventor for Spectrum wireless.

Next, the chassis Reset Wires 29 are plugged into the SBC jumper marked JP1 as shown in Figure 10. The reset wires are the two twisted wires colored red and black.

Once connected to jumper JP1, the reset switch on the front of the chassis, when pressed, causes the SBC to reboot. See fig. 12.

The chassis Power LED Wires 27, two twisted wires colored green and white, are plugged into the jumper marked JP6. The plug is installed on the jumper so that the green wire is connected to Pin 1 and the white wire is connected to Pin 3 of the jumper The Application of Horst Poepperl

IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE JP6 as shown in Figure 13. When connected to the SBC, these wires power the LED, which light when the system is turned on.

The Random Access Memory (RAM) 60 for the system is now added. Insert a 16 MB SIMM chip into the memory socket on the SBC as shown in Figure 14. The RAM 60 holds the computer instructions while power is supplied to the unit. This memory can be obtained from numerous sources. One source is Crucial Technologies, Meridian ID as part no. CT4M32E2M5.

The top slot cover on the back of the chassis is now removed by unscrewing the screw and then removing the cover. A Client Radio Card 65 is then inserted into the top ISA slot of the chassis so that it lines up with the top slot (now open) on the back of the chassis itself. It is further secured by reinserting the screw removed when the slot cover was removed. Figure 15 shows this installation. The radio card is available from AIRONET wireless communications, Inc., Akron OH, as part no. ISA4800.

If the radio intended to be integrated into the platform is in PCMCIA (Personal Computer Memory Card International Association) format, additional hardware is required to provide the necessary interface into the unit.

To do this, insert a PCMCIA Interface Board 70, shown in fig. 17a into the PCI Connector 71 on the SBC as shown in Figure 17b. Use firm, even pressure during its insertion, being careful not to bend any of the pins. Figure 17c shows this board in place. On the PCMCIA Interface Board is a jumper block labeled JP1. The pins numbered 5 & 6 should be electrically connected with the provided plastic-coated metal The Application of Horst Poepperl

IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE jumper. All jumpers should be removed from all the other pins on JPI. This disables the Boot function of the PCMCIA Interface Board and is required to be disabled for proper operation of the unit. The PCMCIA interface board is available from AAEON Inc., Hazlet, NJ as part no. PCM-3115B.

Next, remove the center slot cover on the back of the chassis by removing the retaining screw. Install a PCMCIA Radio Card 75 into the upper slot on the PCMCIA Interface Board 70. Slide it in with the female connector port of the PCMCIA Radio Card first and the antenna port of the radio card facing outward, as shown in Figure 18.

PCMCIA radio cards are available from AIRONET Wireless Communications Inc., Akron, OH, as part no. PC4800.

Referring now to Figure 19, in the Expansion Bay Cover 80, drill a hole 81 with a diameter of 7/16 inch in the center of the cover 80. To the left of this hole, aligned horizontally with the diameter of the hole, drill another hole 82 with a diameter of 2/16 inch. This right edge hole 82 is exactly 1/16 inch away from the left edge of hole 81. To the right of hole 81, drill another hole 83 with a diameter of 2/16-inch (4), horizontally aligned with, but directly opposite hole 82. The left edge of the hole 83 is exactly 1/16 inch away from the right edge of hole 81. This step creates the necessary port cutout in the Expansion Bay Cover to receive the MMCX Antenna Connector Cable for the next step.

Insert the MMCX end of a MMCX Antenna Connector Cable 90 into the antenna port on the PCMCIA Radio Card. If the PCMCIA Radio Card has more than one The Application of Horst Poepperl

IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE antenna port, connect one end of the MMCX Antenna Connector Cable to the left antenna port on the card, when viewed from the top down, with the antenna ports facing north. See Figure 20a for reference. Insert the other end 91 of the MMCX Antenna Connector Cable with the Reverse-TNC connector assembly into the holes created in the Expansion Bay Cover as shown in Figure 20b. Secure this connector with two screws. The MMCX Antenna Connector Cable is available from Talley Communications, Sante Fe Springs, CA, as part no. TIMA24KP-1.5.

Then, replace the Aluminum Slot Cover that was removed from the middle slot on the back of the chassis with a Dimpled Slot Cover. Because of the tight construction, pressure may have to be applied to the back slot cover assembly on the chassis to allow the Dimpled Slot Cover to slide past the MMCX Antenna Connector Cable plug attached to the radio card. The dimpled Slot Cover is available from Spectrum Wireless, Inc, Anchorage AK, as part no. 2011-pc-slot.

The serial cable 31 supplied with the SBC now needs to be installed. See fig. 16.

The end of the cable with the male 10-pin connector and screw holes is secured to the chassis by inserting it into the appropriately sized cutout at the top of the slot bay in the rear of the chassis. The connector is secured by inserting two screws through the slot bay serial port cutout and into the connector. The female connector of the serial cable is inserted into the SBC's COM2 port as shown in Figure 16 with firm but steady pressure.

The SBC is further secured by installing a Rubber Bumper 95 underneath the only remaining unsupported corner of the SBC. The Rubber Bumper is installed The Application of Horst Poepperl

IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE between the SBC and the chassis as shown in Figure 21 and prevents the SBC from moving vertically within the chassis during transit or rough handling. The rubber bumper is available from Dantona Industries, Inc., Wantaugh NY, as part no.

STIK5012P.

There remains one set of twisted wires attached to a second LED on the front of the chassis. The LED and wires are removed by sliding the plastic'collar'that is attached to the plastic LED housing backwards. This releases the grip on the plastic LED housing. The wires and the LED can now be pulled through the hole and removed. The plastic LED housing is also removed.

The remaining wires inside the unit are now secured by collecting the wires and securing them to the top of the power supply by passing a tie wrap through the holes in the power supply (in and back out again) and then closing the tie wrap around the wires. This prevents the wires from moving within the chassis.

The cover is now replaced on the hardware and secured with the seven screws provided. The front of the chassis is covered with appropriate labels, if desired.

This completes the construction process of the invention.

Once all cables have been connected and power applied to the unit, the 201 IDS is ready for configuration. Each 2011DS contains a default configuration when shipped.

The 2011DS default configuration is as follows: ETHERNET Interface: IP Address 192. 168. 1, 1 Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 The Application of Horst Poepperl

IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE Wireless Interface: IP Address 192. 168. 0.1 Subnet Mask 255, 255.255.0 Radio Parameters : System ID tsuna"ii Modulation CCK Data Rate 11 MBPS Serial Port Settings: Data Rate: 19, 200 BPS Data Bits: 8 Parity: None Stop Bits: 1 Login Settings : Username: admin Password: (no password set) Note: When configuring the 2011DS, it is important to understand the difference between the stored configuration, the running configuration and the configuration in memory.

Referring now to figs. 23-31, details of the set-up) f the system are given. On bootup, the 2011DS reads the stored configuration from non-vobtite memory into active memory (RAM). It then applies the configuration parameters to the interfaces during the bootup sequence. When fully booted, the stored configuration has been copied to memory and applied to the interfaces as well as running processes.

When a configuration is changed, the new configuration overwrites the existing configuration in active memory. However, no changes are made to the running The Application of Horst Poepperl

IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE configuration at this time. Choose"Apply"from the main menu 200 to have the changes take effect on the actively running interfaces. See fig. 23.

Once a configuration change has been applied, the router copies the changed configuration in memory to the interfaces and running processes, re-initializes both and uses the new configuration. However, all changes are still in memory and are lost when the router is rebooted. In order to permanently store configuration changes in non- volatile memory, the user must choose the"Write"option from the main menu 200.

The user can choose to use either Telnet or a serial connection with a Terminal Emulator to configure the 2011DS.

Telnet To use Telnet, the user must be on the same network segment as the router. This is most typically done by plugging the ETHERNET port of the router into a standalone hub, along with the computer/running Telnet.

Set the IP ddr « on the computer to the same subnet as the ETHERNET interface of the router. A suggested IP Address assignment for the computer running Telnet is: IP Address 192.168.1.2 Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 The target for the Telnet connection is the default IP address of the ETHERNET interface on the 2011DS, which is 192.168.1.1. When the connection is established, the system prompts the user to enter the Username. The prompt request for the usernamc is"2011DS login:".

The Application of Horst Poepperl

IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE To use the Serial Port for configuration, connect the serial port of the computer to the DB9 connector on the back of the 2011DS, using a null modem cable. The most common cable required (depending on the serial connector type on the computer) is a DB9 Female to DB9 Female Null Modem cable.

Set the terminal emulation program ; for 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit. Once connected, the user may need to press the ENTER key on the computer to receive the Username prompt. The prompt request for the username is"2011DS login:".

Note: When using the menu, keep in mind the following conventions: The user does not need to press ENTER when selecting menu choices; Just type the number. The user must press ENTER when providing requested input, such as IP Addresses. Press the ESC key to back up one menu level.

The menus shown in the figures may display either software version 2. 1 or 2.2 in their headers. They are otherwise identical between versions.

Initial Configuration To accomplish the initial configuration, the following istcps rc performed : a) Set a password for the router. b) Remove the existing (default) IP addresses from the interfaces. c) Assign new IP addresses to the Interfaces. d) Select and configure the routing protocol. e) Configure the Radio parameters. f) Apply and Write the configuration.

The Application of Horst Poepperl

IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE Each of these steps is discussed in detail below.

Setting the Password At the"2011DS login :" prompt, type in the username"admin". Since no initial password is set, simply press the ENTER key at the password prompt. The Main Menu 200 is displayed (fig. 23).

The first step is to secure the login to the router by specifying a password.

Choose"8-Password"from the main menu prompts the user to enter a new password. The password needs to be between 5 and 8 characters in length, letters or numbers. Upper and lower case letters and numbers are valid input.

Type in the new password, then press ENTER.

The unit prompts the user to confirm the new password by entering it a second time. Type in the same password again and then press ENTER.

Note: Upper and lower case letters are distinguished by the system. Also, the 201 IDS tells the user if it considers a password to be too easy with a"Warning : Weak Password"message. This message is informational only and the user may still enter the chosen password.

Also Note: If the user makes a mistake and the confirmation password does not match the first new password entered, the system responds with: "Passwords do not match." "The password for admin is unchanged".

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IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE The user is then taken back to the main menu. Repeat steps 1-3 to change the password.

Caution: Changing a password is the only operation that does not need to be "Applied". A password change takes effect immediately. However, it must still be written to non-volatile memory in order to be permanent.

The main menu now appears again. Choose"7-Write"to write the password change to non-volatile memory. See fig. 23 The next step is to remove the existing default IP addresses from the interfaces and replace them with the IP addresses appropriate for the network setup.

To do this, choose"1-Configuration"from the main menu 200. The configuration menu 201 is displayed. See fig. 24. From this menu, the user can configure Network, Radio, VPN and DHCP settings.

Next, choose"1-Network"to configure the network parameters. This displays the Network Configuration menu 202. See fig. 25. From this menu the user can configure interface addresses, or choose the Routing, Firewall, NAT and DHCP functions.

Next, choose"1-Addresses"to configure the interface addresses. The user now see the Interface Address menu 203. See fig. 26.

From the Interface Addresses menu, first get rid of the default IP address assigned to the ETHERNET and radio interfaces. Therefore, choose"3-Remove"to remove the existing default IP address.

The Application of Horst Poepperl

IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE The router asks which interface the user wants to remove the address from with the following prompt: "Remove from (e) thernet, (r) adio, or Tx flow (I) imited:" Type in"e"to remove the address from the ETHERNET interface first.

The router displays the list of addresses associated with-the ETHERNET interface and asks the user to type in the number corresponding to the address desired to be removed. Because the default configuration only assigns a single address to the interface, there is only one address in the list.

Choose"1"to remove the IP address from the interface. The user is returned to the Interface Addresses menu 203.

At this time, repeat steps 4 through 8, except that the usel should cht) ose"r"in step 5 in order to remove the Radio interface IP address.

To confirm that the addresses have been removed, choose"1-Display"to display all IP addresses assigned to any interfaces. The resulting list should now be empty for each interface. If an IP address remains, repeat steps 4 through 8 to remove it.

Press ENTER to return to the Interface Addresses menu 202 when the user is done displaying the IP addresses.

Now that the default addresses have been removed, add the appropriate addresses for the user's network to each interface.

From the Interface Addresses menu 202, choose"2-Add".

The Application of Horst Poepperl

IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE Enter an IP address that the user wants to assign to the ETl tHRNLT interface.

Then press ENTER.

The system prompts the user to enter the Netmask. Type in a valíd netmask and then press ENTER. Examples of the format of the netmask are: 255.255.255.0 or 255.255.255.248.

The router now asks to which interface to assign this address. Since we're working on the ETHERNET interface address, choose"e"for the ETHERNET interface.

The router then displays the following question: "Limit Tx flow from [IP Address], only one limited interface allowed (y/n)?" For this basic configuration, type in"n". The Interface Addresses menu is now displayed again.

Repeat steps 1 through 6 to add an IP address to the radio interface, being careful to select"r"in step 4 in order to assign the next IP Address to the radio interface.

When satisfied, press ESC to move back one level in the menu and return to the Network Configuration menu 202.

Note: the"Limit Tx Flow"feature allows the user to specify the maximum data rate allowed to pass through that interface (independent of, but must be less than or equal to, the radio's configured data rate. Also note that the Subnet number and Broadcast address are automatically calculated from the IP Address/Subnet Mask combination.

The Application of Horst Poepperl

IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE Next, the proper routing protocol must be selected and implemented for the user's network. In this example, the RIPv2 protocol is selected as the routing protocol.

From the Network Configuration menu 202, choose"2-Routing". This displays the Route Configuration menu 204. This is displayed in fig. 27. From this menu, the user can configure Routing Protocols, Static Routes, the Default Gateway setting as well as displaying known routes.

For this basic configuration, next, configure the RIP protocol. To do this, choose "1-RIP"from the menu. This displays the RIP Configuration menu 205. See fig. 28.

This menu provides RIP configuration options to customize the use of the protocol for individual networks.

The menu should look like the one in Figure 28, indicating that the RIP protocol has been enabled. If there is only one item in this menu (e. g."1-RIP"), it means that the protocol has been disabled. Select"1-RIP"to turn the protocol back on.

Note: choosing"1-RIP"turns the RIP protocol on or off. If the protocol is turned off, subsequent RIP Configuration menus do not show the additional configuration items until the protocol is turned on again.

Once the RIP protocol has been enabled or verified, there are additional RIP Configuration options available for the ETHERNET and radio interfaces.

Next, select"2-ETHERNET"to configure RIP options for the ETHERNET interface. This displays the ETHERNET Interface RIP Configuration Menu 206. See fig.

29.

The Application of Horst Poepperl

IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE Verify that the value displayed is"1-RIP = yes'. Since the RIP protocol can be turned on and off for each interface as well as globally, if there is only one menu item, it means that the protocol is turned off for this interface. In that case, choose"1-RIP"to turn it back on. If the value is already"yes", then proceed to the next step.

Verify that the value in"2-Version"is"2"for RIPv2 or"1'for RIPvl. It is recommended to use RIPv2 as the routing protocol. Set the value appropriately for the user's network If thd user4 wants the router to listen to RIP advertisements on the ETHERNET segment it is connected to, then verify that"3-Receive"is set to"yes". Otherwise, set the value to"no"by selecting the menu choice.

If the user wants the router to advertise its routing table on the ETHERNET segment it is connected to, then verify that"4-Advertise"is set to"yes'. OtWerwise; y the value to"no'by selecting the menu choice. RIP advertisements are sent via multicast packets from the router. Press ESC when done to return to the RIP Configuration menu 205.

To configure RIP Options for the Radio Interface, select"3-Radio'from the RIP Configuration menu to configure RIP options for the radio interface. This displays the Radio Interface RIP Configuration Menu 207.. See fig. 30.

Verify that the value in"1-RIP = yes". Since the RIP protocol can be turned on and off for each interface as well as globally, if the user only sees one menu item, it The Application of Horst Poepperl

IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE means that the protocol is turned off for this interface. In that case, choose"1-R1P"to turn it back on. If the value is already"yes", then proceed the next step.

Verify that the value in"2-Version"is"2"for RIPv2 or"1"for RIPvl. It is recommended to use RIPv2 as the routing protocol. Set the value appropriately for the network.

If the user wants the router to listen to RIP advertisements on the radio interface, then verify that"3-Receive"is set to"yes". Otherwise, set the value to"no"by selecting the menu choice.

If the user wants the router to advertise its routing table on the radio link, then verify that"4-Advertise"is set to"yes". Otherwise, set the value to"no"by selecting the menu choice. RIP advertisements are sent via multicast packets from the router.

Press ESC when done to return to the RIP Configuration menu 205, then press ESC again to return to the Route Configuration menu 204.

In order to finish our routing configuration, the user must give the router an IP address to send packets to when it doesn't know how to route them. Some simple rules to remember: the Default Gateway is another router on the network to which the 2011DS sends packets that it does not know how to route.

The Default Gateway must be visible to the 2011DS either on its radio or on its ETHERNET interface. That means that the Default Gateway has an IP address that is part of either the 2011DS'radio or its ETHERNET IP subnet.

The Application of Horst Poepperl

IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE The Default Gateway is typically another router closer to the core of a private network (if another router exists) or, in the case of an ISP or Internet connected companies, closer to the Internet link.

To configure the IP Address of the selected Default Gateway, select"4-Default Gateway"from the Route Configuration menu 204 (see Figure 27 for menu detail).

Type in the Default Router's IP address and press ENTER. Then press ESC twice to return to the Configuration Menu 201.

Next, the Radio Interface must be configured. In order to establish a radio link, there are a number of settings that must be known by both radios, at a minimum. For example, if the user is configuring the 2011DS to connect to an AIRONET Bridge that is already operating, then copy down the Bridge's radio settings. Refer to the AIRONET Bridge's User Guide for help in getting the information. If the user is configuring the 2011DS to connect to another 2011DS then the user can choose different values than the default and write them down. These values must be the same for all radios in the wireless system. For example: Required Parameters Default Value System ID"tsunami" Transmit Power"100" Data Rate'11" Modulation Method"CCK" Operating Mode"Infrastructure" The Application of Horst Poepperl

IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE Note: because the 2011DS uses the System ID setting to search for a radio partner (Bridge or another 2011DS), the radio frequency does not have to be explicitly set.

From the Configuration menu 201, choose"2-Radio". The Radio Configuration menu 208 is displayed. See fig. 31.

Choose"1-SSID 1"and type in the value for that parameter. Something other than the default value is recommended. If the 2011DS is connected to an AIRONET Bridge, then type the Bridge's SSID value into this field. Press ENTER when done.

Choose"3-Node"and enter a node name for this router, if desired. If the 2011DS is connected to an AIRONET Bridge, then this node name is displayed in the Bridge's Association Table.

Choose"4-Tx Power"and set the value to"100".

Choose"5-Rate"and set the desired data rate. If connecting to an AIRONET Bridge, the data rate setting should be within the range that is set on the Bridge.

Otherwise, set it to the same rate as the unit that it is connected to.

Choose"6-Modulation"and set the desired modulation-either"CCK"or "MOK". Using CCK modulation is recommended. The modulation method must be the same on all radios that are part of the wireless system.

Choose"7-Mode"to set the operating mode of the router. Set the mode to "Infrastructure"if the 2011DS connects to an AIRONET Bridge. If connecting to another 2011DS, then set the mode to"ADHOC".

The Application of Horst Poepperl

IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE If the unit is set to"ADHOC"mode, the menu item"8-Channel"appears.

Select the operating frequency by selecting this menu item and typing the desired frequency channel. Press the ESC key until the Main Menu 200 is displayed again.

The last step is to save and apply the new configuration. From the Main Menu, choose"7-Write"to write the configuration to non-volatile memory. The process may take several seconds.

Then choose"6-Apply"to apply the changed configuration in memory to the active running configuration of the 2011DS. Routing operations pause briefly as the unit re-initializes its interfaces and implements the new configuration.

Note: the user can write a configuration to non-volatile memory without applying it first. Conversely, the user can apply a configuration without writing it to non-volatile memory first.

This completes the set-up of the system. The system is then ready for use.

The present disclosure should not be construed in any limited sense other than that limited by the scope of the claims having regard to the teachings herein and the prior art being apparent with the preferred form of the invention disclosed herein and which reveals details of structure of a preferred form necessary for a better understanding of the invention and may be subject to change by skilled persons within the scope of the invention without departing from the concept thereof.

The Application of Horst Poepperl